Panathlon的青少年体育道德宣言

1 我们将以更积极的态度,通过不断努力和良好的计划来培养青少年体育中的积极价值观在训练和比赛中,我们以一种平衡的方法将目标锁定在4个主要方面：原动力（技术的、战术的）能力的发展、健康和安全的形式、积极的自我概念以及良好的社会技能。我们通过这些,为孩子们的需求服务。     

How does education have an impact on ethnocentrism? A structural equation analysis of cognitive,occupational status and network mechanisms

Previous studies have distinguished cognitive, occupational status and network mechanisms in the relation between education and ethnocentrism. Hypotheses on these mediating mechanisms are derived from socialization theory, realistic group threat and contact theory. In the current study we use structural equation modeling to investigate the explanatory power of these three mechanisms simultaneously. The analysis is based on a representative population survey from the Netherlands (NELLS 2009, n = 1910). The results show that more than half of the initial association between education and ethnocentrism can be attributed to cognitive ability and occupational status mechanisms. The remaining part of the overall association, however, still has to be modeled as a direct relationship between education and ethnocentrism. This direct association can be attributed either to social desirability or to a direct liberalizing effect of education on social and political attitudes. Our analysis tentatively suggests that the rise of average education levels in Western societies might lead to less ethnocentric attitudes via the cognitive sophistication mechanism.     

数字土著数字移民

不同的经历产生不同的大脑认知结构。当今的学生,由于其生活环境和生活方式（数字化世界）的不同,他们的思维模式已经发生根本的改变,他们是“数字土著”的一代,他们的教育者则是“数字移民”。当今教育面临的一个最大的问题是：我们的这些作为“数字移民”的教育者,说着过时的语言（前数字化时代语言）,正在吃力地教育一种全新语言的人群。为此,应改革教育方法与内容,教师必须学会用他们学生的语言和方式与之交流,并加强“未来”内容的教学,而“教育游戏”则是方法与内容最佳的结合体：     

The concept of localised outdoor sports tourist systems: its application to Ardèche in south-east France

Tourism is important for many rural territories in France, notably with respect to economic development. A growing element of such tourist activity concerns outdoor sports which rely heavily on a region’s natural resources and are centred predominantly on a series of entrepreneurs and small businesses. Given the importance of tourism to local economies, a fuller understanding of the nature and operational characteristics of these enterprises, and of their relationship with other local actors, is essential to ensure their future development. With this objective, this paper aims to explore and evaluate the emergence of ‘localised tourist systems’ and the adaptation of this concept to outdoor sports. By using a systems approach, emphasis is given to analysing the interplay between different actors in the public, private and associative sectors and the mutual benefits that derive from such collaboration. Using evidence from the region of Ardèche in south-east France, it is argued that outdoor sports entrepreneurs form part of a ‘localised outdoor sports tourist system’ which provides added-value to the activities of these enterprises and to local institutional actors and the means to create a competitive advantage for the region’s tourist development. Future research might usefully explore in more detail the relative strength of linkages between the different actors.     

The online place of popular music: Exploring the impact of geography and social media on pop artists’ mainstream media attention

Many authors have pointed to the internet’s potential to increase connectivity across the world, which would imply an equalizing effect, yet few researchers have examined this. At the same time, the increasing usage of social media by popular culture celebrities for self-promotion has been signaled. We study the extent to which social media can reduce inequalities in mainstream media attention between artists from central cities in popular music production (e.g., New York, London) versus more peripheral cities. We distinguish between media attention by institutionally embedded music critics and lay users on the internet. The results show that artists coming from more central cities have higher chances to get attention in mainstream media—both by institutional critics and lay users—than artists from peripheral cities. Building a fan base on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or MySpace can compensate for some of this inequality, but not for all of it.