2009年度人物亚军:中国工人

去年12月,美国《时代》周刊(TIME)2009年度人物榜出炉。美联储主席本·伯南克(BenBernanke)当选该杂志年度人物,而中国工人作为榜单上的唯一群体,荣升亚军宝座。世界的目光犹如聚光灯般投射到中国工人身上,而肖红霞、黄冬艳、彭春霞、邱小院等人的名字和笑容在一夜之间传遍了世界。这群来自深圳的普通工人成为千千万万勤劳坚韧的中国工人的代表。也许就个体来说,他们再平凡不过,然而所有平凡人的努力积聚起来,就能创造出让世人为之惊叹的伟大与奇迹。不要怨叹自己过于平庸、没有大作为,实际上,伟大很可能就如同做好本分工作那么简单。     

Relationships of personality,affect, emotional intelligence and coping with student stress and academic success: Different patterns of association for stress and success

The associations of personality, affect, trait emotional intelligence (EI) and coping style measured at the start of the academic year with later academic performance were examined in a group of undergraduate students at the University of Edinburgh. The associations of the dispositional and affect measures with concurrent stress and life satisfaction were also examined. The survey was completed by 238 students, of whom 163 gave permission for their end-of-year marks to be accessed. Complete data for modelling stress and academic success were available for 216 and 156 students respectively. The associations of academic success and stress differed, and high stress was not a risk factor for poor academic performance. Further analyses were based on the extraction of three composite factors (Emotional Regulation, Avoidance and Task Focus) from the EI and coping subscales. Structural equation modelling showed that academic performance was predicted by Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, positive affect and the Task Focus factor. Modelling for stress and life satisfaction showed relationships with personality, affect, and the Task Focus and Emotion Regulation factors. The Task Focus factor played a mediating role in both models, and the Emotion Regulation factor acted as a mediator in the model for stress and life satisfaction. The theoretical interpretation of these results, and their potential applications in interventions targeting at-risk students, are discussed.     

Mentorship and mitigation of culture shock: foreign‐trained pharmacists in Canada

Immigrants with professional qualifications face unique challenges in adapting personally and professionally to new environments. This ‘double culture shock’ experience may result in disengagement from the professional community due to perceived barriers to integration, with subsequent negative impact on employment prospects and professional role identification. The role of mentors in facilitating professional engagement by foreign‐trained pharmacists within the pharmacy profession has not previously been described in detail. This qualitative study examined the different mentoring strategies used by mentors and foreign‐trained pharmacists negotiating the licensure process in Canada. Using a categorization scheme described previously by major researchers, activity logs of mentors and mentees were examined and coded based on use of mentoring strategies. Focus groups and interviews were also undertaken with separate groups of mentors and mentees to discuss the use of these mentoring strategies for foreign‐trained pharmacists. Results suggest pharmacist‐mentors relied most heavily upon situative‐apprenticeship and humanistic perspectives in their mentoring relationships, and infrequently used critical‐constructivist mentoring activities or techniques. While mentees reported a high level of satisfaction with their mentors and the mentoring experience, they also expressed a desire for more activities of a critical‐constructivist nature as a way of assisting them in mitigating the double culture shock they experience during the licensure process.     

Role reversal within the mentoring dyad: collaborative mentoring on the effective instruction of English language learners

Two purposes guided this mixed‐methods investigation of the collaborative mentoring of teachers in a large school system in the south‐eastern United States. The first was to examine collaborative mentoring as unstructured peer‐to‐peer coaching that emerged spontaneously as teachers shared experiences about effectively teaching English language learners (ELLs). The second was to examine how licensure courses contributed to the emergence of collaborative mentoring. Data collection consisted of questionnaires, mentoring stories, phone interviews, and electronic surveys. After completing courses, 84 teachers reported significant increases in frequency and duration of interactions for sharing best practices with colleagues. The data analysts identified course components, causal links, and catalysts as having created conditions for mentoring. Of 33 novice teachers recently trained in teaching ELLs, most found themselves mentoring veteran teachers yet untrained in teaching this student group. This unexpected reversal of the traditional novice/veteran roles within mentoring dyads addresses a gap in the educational literature.     

Introducing consultancy supervision in a primary school for children with social,emotional and behavioural difficulties

This article describes a pilot study where consultancy supervision was introduced into a primary school for pupils with SEBD in England. School staff engaged with supervision and evaluated their experience through a quantitative and qualitative methodology. The paper explores the nature of supervision, the qualities of the supervisory relationship and the areas of school staff lives to which supervision can be relevant. The project is set in context through reviewing current literature and professional guidelines on supervision. The positive results of the project are described and recommendations and conclusions drawn from the findings.     

8. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION

ON THE HISTORY OF FILM STYLE by David Bordwell (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997‐$60.00/24.95, ISBN 0–674–63428–4 hard, 0–674–63429–2 paper, 322 pp., photographs, chapter notes, index)

MASKED MEN: MASCULINITY AND THE MOVIES IN THE FIFTIES by Steven Cohan (Bloomington: Indiana University Press “Arts and Politics of the Everyday,”; 1997‐$39.95/8.95, ISBN 0–253–33297–4 hard, 0–253–21127–1 paper, 376 pp., photographs, selected filmography, chapter notes, references, index)

THE EXPLODING EYE: A RE‐VISIONARY HISTORY OF 1960s AMERICAN EXPERIMENTAL CINEMA by Wheeler Winston Dixon (Albany: State University of New York Press “SUNY Series, Cultural Studies in Cinema/Video,”; 1997‐$57.50/18.95, ISBN 0–7914–3565–2 hard, 0–7914–3566–0 paper, 250 pp., photos, bibliography, index)

THE KING OF THE MOVIES: FILM PIONEER SIEGMUND LUBIN by Joseph P. Eckhardt (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1997‐$55.00, ISBN 0–8386–3728–0, 286 pp., B&;.W photos, notes, bibliography, index)

WITHIN OUR GATES: ETHNICITY IN AMERICAN FEATURE FILMS, 1911–1960: AMERICAN FILM INSTITUTE CATALOG edited by Alan Gevinson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997‐$150.00, ISBN 0–520–20964–833, 1571 pp., abbreviations list, indexes, bibliography)

FRAME BY FRAME II: A FILMOGRAPHY OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN IMAGE, 1978–1994 by Phyllis R. Kotman and Gloria J. Gibson (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997‐$49.95/29.95, ISBN 0–253–33280‐X hard, 0–253–21120–4 paper, 771 pp., bibliography, indexes)

FILMMAKERS AND FINANCING: BUSINESS PLANS FOR INDEPENDENTS by Louise Levison (Boston: Focal Press, 1998 [2nd ed.]‐$22.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80300–0, 190 pp., tables, index)

FEMINISM, FILM, FASCISM: WOMEN'S AUTO/BIOGRAPHICAL FILM IN POSTWAR GERMANY by Susan E. Linville (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998‐$30.00/14.95, ISBN 0–292–74696–2 hard, 0–292–74697–0 paper, 208 pp., photos, chapter notes, bibliography, index)

THE MOTION PICTURE MEGA‐INDUSTRY by Barry R. Litman (Boston: Allyn &; Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, paper, ISBN 0–205–20026–5, 321 pp., charts, tables, notes, references, index)

FROM HEADLINE HUNTER TO SUPERMAN: A JOURNALISM FIL‐MOGRAPHY by Richard R. Ness (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997‐$89.50, ISBN 0–8108–3291–7, 787 pp., references, appendices, black‐and‐white photographs, index)

Chile v/s Hollywood / CHILE vs HOLLYWOOD by Daniel Olave (Santiago, Chile: Editorial Grijalbo, 1997‐no price available, ISBN 956–258–051–2, 208 pp., photographs)

TRIANGULATED VISIONS: WOMEN IN RECENT GERMAN CINEMA edited by Ingeborg Majer O'Sickey and Ingeborg von Zadow (Albany: State University of New York Press “SUNY Series in Feminist Criticism and Theory,”; and “SUNY Series, Cultural Studies in Cinema/Video,”; 1998‐$65.50/21.95, ISBN 0–7914–3717–5 hard, 0–7914–3718–3 paper, 290 pp., photos, chapter notes, index)

FILM AND THE NUCLEAR AGE: REPRESENTING CULTURAL ANXIETY by Toni A. Perrine (New York: Garland “Garland Studies in American Popular History and Culture,”; 1998‐$68.00, ISBN 0–8153–2932–6, 304 pp., index, bibliography, chronology, filmography)

CONTEMPORARY CINEMATOGRAPHERS ON THEIR ART by Pauline Rogers (Boston: Focal Press, 1998‐$19.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80309–4, 223 pp.)

HOLLYWOOD'S WORLD WAR I: MOTION PICTURE IMAGES edited by Peter C. Rollins and John E. O'Connor (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1998‐$49.95/19.95, ISBN 0–87972–755–1 hard, 0–87972–756‐X paper, 304 pp., illustrations, notes, general index, film/TV index)

DOCUMENTING OURSELVES: FILM, VIDEO, AND CULTURE by Sharon R. Sherman (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1998‐$22.95, paper, ISBN 0–8131–0934–5, 336 pp., photographs, filmography, chapter notes, references, index)

JAMES WILLIAMSON: STUDIES AND DOCUMENTS OF A PIONEER IN THE FILM NARRATIVE by Martin Sopocy (Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1998‐$52.50, ISBN 0–8386–3716–7, 337 pp., photographs, chapter notes, bibliography, index)

HISTORY BY HOLLYWOOD: THE USE AND ABUSE OF THE AMERICAN PAST by Robert Brent Toplin (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996— 288 pp., $36.95/16.95, ISBN 0–252–02073–1, 0–252–06536–0 paper, photos, chapter notes, selected bibliography, index)     

Broadcasting

CHANNELS OF POWER: THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON AMERICAN POLITICS by Austin Ranney (New York: Basic Books, 1983---$14.95)

TURNED-ON TV/TURNED-OFF VOTERS: POLICY OPTIONS FOR ELECTION PROJECTIONS by Percy Tannenbaum and Leslie Kostrich (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Books, 1983---$25.00)

NEWSWATCH: HOW TV DECIDES THE NEWS by Av Westin (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982---$6.95, hardcover also available)

BROADCAST REGULATION: SELECTED CASES AND DECISIONS by Marvin R. Bensman (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983---$19.50/8.75)

MODULARIZATION AND PACKAGING OF PUBLIC TELEVISION PROGRAMS by John Carey et al. (Washington, D.C.: Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Office of Policy Development and Planning, 1983---price not given, paper)

PRIME-TIME TELEVISION: A PICTORIAL HISTORY FROM MILTON BERLE TO “FALCON CREST” by Fred Goldstein and Stan Goldstein (New York: Crown 1983---$25.00)     

The comparative “look‐up” ability of script readers on television

The authors present a detailed analysis of the major factors (sales price, net broadcast revenue, average daily audience size, program expenses vs. station profitability, and sales price) which help define a station's economic value. One major conclusion is that higher program expenditures appear to correlate with higher station profits (and economic value). Mr. Blau is a doctoral candidate in mass communications at Indiana University, while Drs. Johnson and Ksobiech are associate and assistant professors, respectively, in that university's department of telecommunications. The study was conducted with the support of grants from the NAB and an Indiana University Faculty, Grant‐in‐Aid. Naturally, the opinions and other content do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of those institutions, and no official endorsement should be inferred.     

A preliminary study of the effects of a reading improvement course on oral reading

Experimental evidence of the relative advantages and disadvantages of specific “techniques” in the field of broadcasting education is hard to find. For the most part, the training of announcers and other specialists is by example, not theory. However, there is no doubt that both professional and student can benefit from the results of careful research on the attributes and talents necessary for effective broadcasting. The following study offers strong indications that “fluffs” in reading aloud may be far less frequent after a course in silent reading.