我国少数民族本科预科课程教学定位的基本依据与原则探析

民族预科课程教学定位问题一直困扰着我国民族预科教育,影响教学质量的德定和提高.文章分析了预科课程教学的特殊性,从学生民族文化背景的多样性与教学标准统一要求相协调、知识传授与思想教育相结合、知识积累与学习能力发展相结合、以教师为主导与充分发挥学生主体性相结合、尊重学生文化背景与发挥多元文化的积极作用相结合等10个方面提出了少数民族本科预科课程教学定位的基本原则,旨在促进民族预科教学的科学化、规范化.     

Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

A comparison of students who delay kindergarten entry and those who are retained in grades K−5

Retention has been one way that school personnel have dealt with the problem of school failure. Some authors have proposed delayed school entry as an alternative to retention, especially since there are concerns about the effects of retention on students' self-esteem. It is unclear from the literature whether retention and delayed entry have differential outcomes on measures of school success. This study explored whether there were differences in IQ and achievement (at grades 2, 5, and 7) between students who delayed school entry and those who were retained in later elementary grades, as well as any interactions with gender. There was a significant 6-point difference in IQ, favoring the delayed-entry group. Furthermore, when the achievement test scores were analyzed using an ANCOVA with IQ as a covariate, no significant differences were identified for either group or gender. Implications for school practices are provided.     

A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?

This study sought to compare the kinetics and kinematics data in a group of habitual shod runners when running in traditional running shoes and newly designed minimalist shoes with lug platform. This novel footwear design claims to simulate barefoot running and reduce energy loss during impact. We compared footstrike angle (FSA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rates, energy loss and initial vertical stiffness between two shoe conditions. Runners demonstrated a decreased FSA while running in minimalist shoes with lug platform than traditional shoes (P = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 0.918). However, we did not observe a landing pattern transition. VALR and VILR between two footwear conditions showed no significant difference (P = 0.191–0.258; Cohen’s d = 0.304–0.460). Initial vertical stiffness (P = 0.032; Cohen’s d = 0.671) and energy loss (P = 0.044; Cohen’s d = 0.578) were greater when running in minimalist shoes with lug platform. The results show that minimalist shoes with lug platform reduce the FSA but may not lead to a landing pattern switch or lower vertical loading rates. Interestingly, the new shoe design leads to a greater energy loss than traditional running shoes, which could be explained by a higher initial vertical stiffness.     

基于模糊理论和大数据的医学院校学生体质健康测试结果分析

基于2014年国家最新颁布的《学生体质健康标准》和湖南省医学院校体测大数据,运用模糊理论,对其进行研究与分析。研究表明湖南省医学院校学生体质健康测试结果不太理想,主要集中在及格区域,达到优秀和良好的学生比例男生仅为1.68%、女生0.73%,且男生7.54%没有达到及格要求。     

基于学生体质健康的“阳光长跑”干预效果研究

在大学生体质健康现状的视野下,响应国家“阳光长跑”活动的政策,借鉴成功的实践经验,采用实验法,制定“阳光长跑”干预实施方案,开展研究工作.结果显示:1)大学生在4个月的“阳光长跑”活动干预下,有氧耐力、柔韧素质有显著性的变化,而速度素质、平衡能力变化不明显;2)“阳光长跑”活动干预对提高机体有氧代谢酶活性、呼吸机能、刺激腰背部、腿部肌群柔韧性有重要帮助,而对大学生腿部力量、脚踝力量、机体平衡能力的刺激较小,没有显著影响.     

单板滑雪U型场地技巧优秀运动员落地稳定性研究

近年来,随着单板滑雪U型场地技巧项目的快速发展及国际运动成绩的快速提升,我国运动员在训练方面遇到了很多问题,如运动员在完成高难度的空中技术动作后,在落地时总是出现失误,直接影响运动员在比赛中的成绩.本文采用文献资料、专家访谈、录像分析等研究方法,对黑龙江省单板滑雪U型场地技巧优秀运动员的落地稳定性进行了分析,具体涉及运动员成套动作落点分析、滑行路线分析和运动员平衡能力,研究结果认为,运动员的平衡能力差和落点区域的不同选择是导致落地稳定性差的主要原因.为帮助单板滑雪U型场地技巧项目备战2018年平昌冬奥会提供了一定的理论依据.     

Editorial statement

Grounded in the interdisciplinary educational work of Cultural Studies, this paper examines the pedagogical potentials of narrative and performance for the teaching of writing as a mode of public discourse. Guided to address a wide readership, students engage in critical communication aimed at linking self inquiry and narrative discourse to the contextual analysis of the social. Drawing on research findings derived from the undergraduate teaching of cultural criticism as a genre of public writing at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, we look at how educational drama mediates the work of narrative and performative acts involving the young learner-writers and contributes to the shaping of a dialogic mode of address and communication, thus articulating the process and impact of writing to the public-oriented discourse in Cultural Studies education. In light of such acts in critical discourse and imagination targeted at the potential reader, we show how the young writers' own engagement with critical thinking and communication are opened up by drama-in-education adopted in the class, and argue how, in this sense, both writing and its learning process become effective stages in the making of the kind of cultural criticism we want to help students to learn.     

Culturally and Linguistically Relevant Readalouds

The teacher readaloud is an instructional tool established in its ability to foster children's language and literacy development. Increasing cultural and linguistic diversity and changing standards place pressure on teachers to provide literacy and language instruction relevant to children's everyday lives and learning. This article presents a framework for conducting culturally and linguistically relevant readalouds within two essential components, talk and text, in terms of developing cultural competence, maintaining high academic expectations, and fostering a critical stance. Particular attention is given to the interactive nature of these readalouds and how they can be used to promote children's active co-construction of textually-based meaning.