World Trade Organization (www.wto.org)

This study compares business librarians' information literacy practices and perceptions in response to the publication of the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education and Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. Business librarians from AACSB-accredited institutions were surveyed in 2003 following the publication of the Standards and in 2015 following the publication of the Framework. This article discusses changes in business information literacy practice, including the use of professional guidelines, collaboration, and assessment activities over 12 years.     

Framing the Revolution: Circulation and Meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised

This article analyzes the circulation and contingent social production of meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised, the documentary film that chronicles the 2002 coup d'état in Venezuela and its dramatic reversal. Drawing on interviews and observations with distributors and activists in New York City in 2004 and ethnographic fieldwork with community media producers in Caracas between 2003 and 2007, I explore how social actors contribute to the ongoing production of Revolution's impact. In this multisited account, I argue that the work of activists and distributors to frame the importance and authenticity of Revolution has been vital in molding debates and facilitating public discussion not only about Venezuelan politics but also about the role of media producers in shaping truth. This article draws attention to the ironies and complexities that filmmakers, distributors, and activists face when they use documentary film to challenge mediated depictions of the historical world.     

Co‐Teaching in Middle School Classrooms Under Routine Conditions: Does the Instructional Experience Differ for Students with Disabilities in Co‐Taught and Solo‐Taught Classes?

Co‐teaching is a popular strategy for implementing the inclusion of students with disabilities within secondary general education classrooms. However, we have little data regarding its effectiveness under routine conditions of educational practice. This study examined whether there was an “additive effect” of the special education teacher on the instructional experiences of students with disabilities as compared with the experiences of the same students taught by only the general education teacher under routine conditions. Observers used time sampling methods to document how students with disabilities spent their time in 11 middle school co‐taught classes. Statistically significant differences were found for targeted students in terms of general education teacher interaction and individual instruction. General education teachers spent significantly less time with students with disabilities when the special education teacher was present. In addition, students with disabilities received significantly more individual instruction when the special education teacher was present. However, these differences were of limited practical significance.     

Using the Standards to Evaluate the Redesign of the U.S. Naturalization Tests: Lessons for the Measurement Community

In 2001, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) began the process of redesigning the U.S. naturalization tests due to concerns that the current testing procedure may not be sufficiently uniform, and that the test content may not be appropriate. A National Research Council committee issued recommendations, based largely on the Standards , to ensure that the redesigned tests would be scientifically and politically defensible; however, USCIS chose not to follow much of the committee's advice. This article summarizes some lessons for the measurement community and possible strategies for getting policymakers to pay more attention to the Standards .     

A method of measuring information in language,applied to medical texts

In this study, quantitative measures of the information content of textual material have been developed based upon analysis of the linguistic structure of the sentences in the text. It has been possible to measure such properties as: (1) the amount of information contributed by a sentence to the discourse; (2) the complexity of the information within the sentence, including the overall logical structure and the contributions of local modifiers; (3) the density of information based on the ratio of the number of words in a sentence to the number of information-contributing operators.Two contrasting types of texts were used to develop the measures. The measures were then applied to contrasting sentences within one type of text. The textual material was drawn from narrative patient records and from the medical research literature. Sentences from the records were analyzed by computer and those from the literature were analyzed manually, using the same methods of analysis. The results show that quantitative measures of properties of textual information can be developed which accord with intuitively perceived differences in the informational complexity of the material.