信息技术与课程整合不等同于CAI

该文从历史发展背景、内涵、目标、教学过程以及对教师和学生的要求等方面对信息技术与课程整合、计算机辅助教学加以区分,并对二者的发展前景做出展望。     

From natural numbers to numbers and curves in nature —I

The interconnection between number theory, algebra, geometry and calculus is shown through Fibonacci sequence, golden section and logarithmic spiral. In this two-part article, we discuss how simple growth models based on these entities may be used to explain numbers and curves abundantly found in nature     

中国自由职业者审美需要调查研究

所谓审美就是人对事物的关照、鉴赏和愉悦体验,它包括审美感知、审美记忆、审美情感、审美理解、审美想象等心理活动过程.审美需要是具有实体性内容的审美价值观念和审美价值取向.[1]本研究通过对中国不同学历层次、不同性别、不同地区的自由职业者进行抽样调查,结果表明:(1)不同学历自由职业者审美需要不均衡,且总体上呈现审美需要水平随学历升高而升高的趋势;(2)不同地区自由职业者审美需要不均衡,大城市的自由职业者的审美需要水平总体上高于中小城市的;(3)不同性别自由职业者审美需要不均衡,女性审美需要水平要高于男性的.     

高Tc氧化物超导体与稀土永磁材料的一点类比

本文定义了稀土元素与其它元素之间的加权平均电负性差P和加权平均原子赝势半径差Q.发现具有较好磁性能的稀土永磁材料的P,Q值点基本上分布在一个特定的狭带区范围内,而高Tc氧化物超导体的P,Q值点基本上也分布在另一个特定的区域范围内,而且这两个区域的走向基本平行.上述结果将有助于人们探索新的高Tc氧化物超导体.     

Field-study science classrooms as positive and enjoyable learning environments

We investigated differences between field-study classrooms and traditional science classrooms in terms of the learning environment and students’ attitudes to science, as well as the differential effectiveness of field-study classrooms for students differing in sex and English proficiency. A modified version of selected scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? questionnaire was used to assess the learning environment, whereas students’ attitudes were assessed with a shortened version of a scale from the Test of Science Related Attitudes. A sample of 765 grade 5 students from 17 schools responded to the learning environment and attitude scales in terms of both their traditional science classrooms and classrooms at a field-study centre in Florida. Large effect sizes supported the effectiveness of the field-studies classroom in terms of both the learning environment and student attitudes. Relative to the home school science class, the field-study class was considerably more effective for students with limited English proficiency than for native English speakers.     

Should Science be Taught in Early Childhood?

This essay considers the question of why we should teach science to K-2. After initial consideration of two traditional reasons for studying science, six assertions supporting the idea that even small children should be exposed to science are given. These are, in order: (1) Children naturally enjoy observing and thinking about nature. (2) Exposing students to science develops positive attitudes towards science. (3) Early exposure to scientific phenomena leads to better understanding of the scientific concepts studied later in a formal way. (4) The use of scientifically informed language at an early age influences the eventual development of scientific concepts. (5) Children can understand scientific concepts and reason scientifically. (6) Science is an efficient means for developing scientific thinking. Concrete illustrations of some of the ideas discussed in this essay, particularly, how language and prior knowledge may influence the development of scientific concepts, are then provided. The essay concludes by emphasizing that there is a window of opportunity that educators should exploit by presenting science as part of the curriculum in both kindergarten and the first years of primary school.     

ADAPT<Superscript>IT</Superscript>: Tools for training design and evaluation

This article describes a set of computerized tools that support the design and evaluation of competency-based training programs. The training of complex skills such as air traffic control and process control requires a competency-based approach that focuses on the integration and coordination of constituent skills and transfer of learning. At the heart of the training are authentic whole-task practice situations. The instructional design tools are based on van Merriënboer's 4C/ID^* methodology (1997). The article describes a training design tool (Core) that supports the analysis and design for competency-based training programs and an evaluation tool (Eval) that supports the subsequent revision of this training design.     

An adaptive strategy for controlling chaotic system

This paper presents an adaptive strategy for controlling chaotic systems. By employing the phase space reconstruction technique in nonlinear dynamical systems theory, the proposed strategy transforms the nonlinear system into canonical form, and employs a nonlinear observer to estimate the uncertainties and disturbances of the nonlinear system, and then establishes a state-error-like feedback law. The developed control scheme allows chaos control in spite of modeling errors and parametric variations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through its applications to two well-known chaotic systems: Duffing oscillator and Rössler chaos.     

The Role of Parents and Community in the Education of the Japanese Child

In Japan, there has been an increased concern about family and community participation in the childs education. Traditionally, the role of parents and community in Japan has been one of support and less one of active involvement in school learning. Since the government commenced education reforms in the last quarter of the 20th century, a more active role for parents and the community in education has been encouraged. These reforms have been inspired by the need to tackle various problems that had arisen, such as the perceived harmful elements of societys preoccupation with academic achievement and the problematic behavior of young people. In this paper, the following issues are examined: (1) education policy and reform measures with regard to parent and community involvement in the childs education; (2) the state of parent and community involvement at the eve of the 20th century.