对村民民主选举形变的分析及思考——以某乡村村委会选举为个案

本文以某乡村村委会选举为个案,通过对村委会民主选举过程进行的深入调查研究,揭示了在我国现阶段村民自治中普遍存在的村委会民主选举中的形变现象。形变现象不仅是对国家法律法规所规定的行政规范和民主程序的违反。出现了竞选村干部动机利益化、竞选手段复杂化、违规操作等现象,而且也是普通村民的政治社会化程度较低、参政意识淡漠的反映。本文试图从村干部角色地位的转变,村民缺乏社区认同感、法制意识、公民意识淡薄,选举程序简单化以及对村干部的监督不力四个方面来剖析村委会选举发生形变的原因,并由此提出相应的可操作性建议,为促进我国社会基层民主化提供实证性的支持。     

圆柱蜗杆传动计算机辅助分析与仿真

本文以计算机图学中曲线曲面理论为基础,以数值方法代替解析方法,将三维空间啮合问题简化为三维平面啮合问题,对磨削加工圆柱蜗杆传动的设计,预测并分析各种啮合质量,正确选择各种设计参数等项进行了研究,并形成了相应软件包.     

网络助学在自学考试教育中的运用策略

网络助学在自学考试中起着很重要的作用,其为自学考试提供了大量的教育信息,并且提供了良性的互动支持.自学考试中的网络助学系统还可以提供良好的经济效益和社会效益,是双赢的运营模式.但是目前我国的自学考试中的网络助学还不够完善,融合度还不够高.其中学习资源陈旧、单调,网络保障体系薄弱及网络教育中的监督效果差是最为突出的问题.为了强化网络助学在自学考试中的功能,应该从几方面努力:有效整合优秀自学考试资源,真正实现资源共享;加强网络助学系统在自学考试中的安全保障;完善网络助学在自学考试中的监督机能.     

学生学费数据库的设计与实现

本文通过数据库管理系统实例“学生学费管理信息系统软件开发研制”，介绍了数据库的设计与实现技术，总结出数据库设计与实现一般步骤。     

Background correction in near-infrared spectra of plant extracts by orthogonal signal correction

In near-infrared （NIR） analysis of plant extracts, excessive background often exists in near-infrared spectra. The detection of active constituents is difficult because of excessive background, and correction of this problem remains difficult. In this work, the orthogonal signal correction （OSC） method was used to correct excessive background. The method was also compared with several classical background correction methods, such as offset correction, multiplicative scatter correction （MSC）, standard normal variate （SNV） transformation, de-trending （DT）, first derivative, second derivative and wavelet methods. A simulated dataset and a real NIR spectral dataset were used to test the efficiency of different background correction methods. The results showed that OSC is the only effective method for correcting excessive background.     

新世纪拒斥这样的教学论——主流教学论困境的根源及其走出

主流教学论已陷于困境，因为这是游移于教学根基、缺乏批判思想、没有自己独特话语系统的理论。新世纪需要我们重视教学论新范式的研究，追求科学的教学论，开放教学论的研究边界，将其发展源泉置于教学实践之中。     

新中国政治教科书60年之演进

新中国政治教科书60年的发展跌宕起伏,在建国初期17年中"峰回路转"后,又深陷文革10年的"政治膨胀",幸得在改革开放中"柳暗花明",终在21世纪走上"康庄大道"。政治教科书编写从学科逻辑转向生活逻辑,从呆板木讷转向活泼明艳,从政治附庸向政治教育的本体性回归。     

试论我国先占制度的建立

先占,即先于他人占有而取得该物的所有权.作为取得物权的一种基本形式,先占制度在物权理论中的地位不言而喻.让人遗憾的是,我国现行<物权法>竟对其只字未提,不仅造成了理论上的矛盾与缺失,使得我国的民事法律自相矛盾,与外国法律也无法对接,更是在实务中形成了一些影响较大的盲区.诚然,现阶段建立先占制度可能会面对一些问题,但是因噎废食必然得不偿失.     

Investigating the impact of automated feedback on students’ scientific argumentation

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the role of automated scoring and feedback in supporting students’ construction of written scientific arguments while learning about factors that affect climate change in the classroom. The automated scoring and feedback technology was integrated into an online module. Students’ written scientific argumentation occurred when they responded to structured argumentation prompts. After submitting the open-ended responses, students received scores generated by a scoring engine and written feedback associated with the scores in real-time. Using the log data that recorded argumentation scores as well as argument submission and revisions activities, we answer three research questions. First, how students behaved after receiving the feedback; second, whether and how students’ revisions improved their argumentation scores; and third, did item difficulties shift with the availability of the automated feedback. Results showed that the majority of students (77%) made revisions after receiving the feedback, and students with higher initial scores were more likely to revise their responses. Students who revised had significantly higher final scores than those who did not, and each revision was associated with an average increase of 0.55 on the final scores. Analysis on item difficulty shifts showed that written scientific argumentation became easier after students used the automated feedback.     

Measuring Knowledge Integration Learning of Energy Topics: A two-year longitudinal study

Although researchers call for inquiry learning in science, science assessments rarely capture the impact of inquiry instruction. This paper reports on the development and validation of assessments designed to measure middle-school students’ progress in gaining integrated understanding of energy while studying an inquiry-oriented curriculum. The assessment development was guided by the knowledge integration framework. Over 2 years of implementation, more than 4,000 students from 4 schools participated in the study, including a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cohort. Results from item response modeling analyses revealed that: (a) the assessments demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity; (b) both the cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts made progress on integrating their understanding energy concepts; and (c) among many factors (e.g. gender, grade, school, and home language) associated with students’ science performance, unit implementation was the strongest predictor.