New media environments’ comparative effects upon intercultural sensitivity: A five-dimensional analysis

An experimental 2 (channel) × 2 (gender) × 3 (time) mixed factorial design (N = 159) was applied to test and compare how individual dimensions of intercultural sensitivity might be affected by two channels: a virtual environment (i.e., Second Life^®) versus a Web environment. Using a modified version of Chen and Starosta's Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), the study sought to identify which of the five ISS dimensions played the most influential role in intercultural sensitivity outcomes: interaction enjoyment, interaction engagement, interaction confidence, interaction attentiveness, or respect for cultural differences. Results showed that one's willingness and effort toward understanding an intercultural interaction – interaction attentiveness – played the greatest and most statistically significant role in intercultural sensitivity outcomes, and that this effect was greatest within the virtual environment channel. Gender effects were also found, in which men experienced greater enjoyment but women expressed more attentiveness.     

高强度间歇训练的科学与实践:应用考量与关键指标

高强度间歇训练(HIIT)是以≥无氧阈或最大乳酸稳态的负荷强度进行多次持续时间为几秒到几分钟的练习,并且每 2.次练习之间安排不足以使练习者完全恢复的静息或低强度练习的训练方法。进入2 1.世纪以来,HIIT受到了训练科学与实践领域的密切关注,越来越多的教练员在训练实践中开始采用HIIT来提升运动员的竞技表现。然而,HIIT不只是“高强度”和“间歇”这么简单,其效果和价值的发挥需要考虑诸多因素。本文基于《高强度间歇训练的科学与应用:训练安排的解决方案》一书内容,分别从形式和目标类型、应用的整体框架、应用情境、同期化训练、关键指标 5.个方面对HIIT进行了论述,旨在为教练员和科研人员在训练实践当中应用HIIT并发挥HIIT的价值提供参考