高校博士生学术论坛的发展现状、问题及对策

博士生学术论坛是高校开展学术交流的主要平台,在博士生学术能力的培养、高校学术交流氛围的营造、博士生创新潜力的激发等方面发挥了重要的作用。我国高校博士生学术论坛面临着国际化水平较低、学术交流不充分、论坛主题交叉性与前沿性不足和导师参与度较低等问题,制约了育人作用的发挥。针对上述问题,结合各高校、院系的对策,分析归纳了四类典型的博士生学术论坛组织模式,以期为优化博士生学术论坛工作、加强博士生的创新能力培养提供参考和借鉴。     

Academic socialization,parental educational expectations,and academic self‐efficacy among Latino adolescents

This study examined the direct association between parental educational expectations and adolescents’ academic self‐efficacy, as well as the moderating influence of parental academic socialization messages. Participants were 148 Latino parent–adolescent dyads with the majority of Mexican origin (80.4%). Most of the parent participants were mothers (85.8%). Adolescents were 13 (46%) or 14 (54%) years of age, and 53% identified as female. Adolescents reported their academic self‐efficacy and perceptions of their parents’ educational expectations; parents reported on their academic socialization messages of shame/pressure and effort regarding academics. The results suggest that, after accounting for parents’ level of education and immigrant status, parental educational expectations were positively associated with adolescent academic self‐efficacy. This association was stronger among adolescents whose parents reported transmitting fewer messages of shame/pressure and academic effort. These results point to the importance of nuances in the content and type of academic socialization messages within Latino families.     

Community College Counseling: Why Are Research Outcomes So Elusive?

This article focuses on counseling research in the community college context. The article suggests the need for a robust community college knowledge base, describes some limitations of the current community college literature, and suggests a framework for more effective work in this area. The authors’ own experiences and selected examples of published studies are used as illustrations of the hurdles encountered and solutions available when examining counseling theories, practices, and outcomes in 2‐year settings.     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

‘Learning Style’: frameworks and instruments

In both education and training an important aspect of the design, development and delivery of learning is the role of individual differences between learners in terms of their ‘learning styles’. One may identify four broad categories of what have been termed ‘learning style’: (i) ‘cognitive personality elements’ (e.g. Witkin et al. 1977; Riding, 1991); (ii) ‘information‐processing style’ (e.g. Kolb, 1984; Honey & Mumford, 1992); (iii) ‘approaches to studying’ (e.g. Entwistle & Tait, 1994); (iv) ‘instructional preferences’ (e.g. Riechmann & Grasha, 1974). A study of 245 university undergraduates in business studies aimed to: (i) describe the range of individual differences present within the sample; (ii) investigate the relationship between learners’ cognitive styles, learning styles, approaches to studying and learning preferences; (iii) consider the implications of ‘learning style’ for teaching and learning in higher education. The present study suggested some overlap between the dimensions measured by the Learning Styles Questionnaire (Honey & Mumford, 1986; 1992) and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (Entwistle & Tait, 1994). No statistically significant correlations were found between cognitive style, as measured by the Cognitive Styles Analysis (Riding, 1991) and any of the other ‘style’ constructs used. Further research is required to investigate these relationships, as is a large‐scale factor analytical study of the Honey and Mumford and Kolb instruments. The notions of whole brain functioning, integra‐tive approaches to studying and degree of learning activity are discussed.     

社会化媒体环境下公众参与智慧城市管理的众包概念模型研究

为了推进智慧城市建设和管理中公众参与的进程,提升公众参与的层次和深度。基于公众参与理论和众包模式内涵,借鉴成功的众包实践案例,融入社会化媒体优势,本文构建了社会化媒体环境下公众参与智慧城市管理众包的概念模型。该模型包含了政府部门、众包项目运作方、社会化媒体平台和参与公众四大构件,通过社会化媒体公众平台实施,具有较好的实践性和可操作性。论文最后对模型进行了阐释。     

信用违约信息及其周边衍生物定价标准研究综述

信用市场信息获取和处理是中国信用社会发展的热点事件,也是国内外研究日益关注的课题之一.从定价标准角度回顾并整理了国外有关信用违约信息处理及其相关衍生物定价问题,以期拓展信用违约信息处理及其衍生物定价标准研究领域,为评估信用违约事件和定价信用衍生物实践提供指导和帮助.     

中国薯蓣属根状茎组系统分类的初步研究

   本文根据我国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L．)根状茎组(Sect.  Stenophora Uline)的外部形态特征、细胞染色体数、花粉形态、植物化学成分、地理分布等的规律，证明根状茎组是该属中的一个比较原始的自然类群：1．具横走的多年生地下根状茎，其它组是一年生或多年生的块茎；2．大部分是2倍体，其它组是多倍体；3．花粉粒单沟型，外壁纹饰网纹或颗粒条纹，其它组为双沟型，外壁纹饰网纹；4．含甾体皂甙元(steroidal sapogenin)，其它组不含。   我们的研究观察证明，N．N．TepaCNMeHKO根据R.Knuth系统(1924)提出的薯蓣皂甙元在该属中无分布规律的说法是无充分依据的。   本文讨论了某些组或种的划分及系统位置：取消sect.Illigerestrum Prain et Burk.；将马    肠薯蓣(D．simulans Prain et Burk．)改属根状茎组；触丝薯蓣(D．tentaculigera Prain et Burk.)应列入顶生翅组  (Sect．shannicorea Prain et Burk．)，  并提出了盾叶薯蓣  (D. zingiberensis  Wright)和穿龙薯蓣(D．nipponica Makino)种的划分和定名的意见。     

高校二手市场交易平台优化对策研究

随着网络技术的迅速发展,地方高校二手交易市场发展迅速,越来越多高校二手市场交易平台应运而生.通过问卷调查和访谈法,探讨地方高校二手交易平台的现状和存在的问题,其中问题主要体现在二手交易体系不够健全、平台安全体系保障有待加强、发展运营模式不够完善和平台个性化服务有待加强.最后提出了加强二手市场交易平台体系建设、提高平台安全体系建设、推行1+N运营发展模式和创新平台个性化服务等优化对策.     

基于科研项目承担情况的地方企业潜在价值评估方法研究

竞争情报赋能战略决策具有科学性,据此,从非财务因素视角探索研究地方企业深度价值评估方法.以A省企业科研项目承担及执行情况相关数据为依托,从经费投入能力、创新产出能力、外部资源获取能力、产学研合作强度、抗风险能力及承担项目平均达标率等6个维度构建地方企业深度价值评估指标体系,给出计算各指标值的有关数据具体处理方式方法和具体计算方法,实现具有较高潜在价值、较大发展潜力的企业识别,为地方遴选优质企业提供方法参考.