纵跳落地动作地面反作用力计算机仿真方法的研究

It is significant to investigate the landing load suffered by high-level athletes for evaluating the training effect and prevention of injury. Simulation can get the ground reaction force （GRF）that can't be gotten by force platforms,but the accuracy of data needs to be confirmed. The study investigated the similarity and characteristic values of landing force curves got by simulation and force platforms to verify the accuracy and reliability of Lifemod simulation. Results showed that the CMCs of GRF curves gotten by simulation and force platforms were all about 0.90 representing the high correlation. The difference value of maximum GRF was 1.4% of the maximum GRF got by force platforms,and the time difference of getting the maximum GRF was 0.002s.Conclusion：Accurate data matching the real value could be got by simulation. It is feasible and accurate to get the GRF of national level athletes in the training and match.     

不同提重负荷对躯干屈伸过程中下腰力学指标影响的研究

In this study,surface EMG signals from bilateral erector spine as well as kinematic variables of lumbar spine of 20 male adult subjects were recorded and analyzed synchronically during their performances of trunk flexion-extension with 7 different lift loads. The results showed that different lifting load has no effect on both inclination angle and flexion angle at the time of EMG-off or EMG-on ,and flexion relaxation phenomenon of erector spine either. With the increase of lifting load,the maximum low back moment,the low back moment at the time of EMG-off and that at the time of EMG-on be－ came significantly larger. In the load-sharing relationship,the passive tissue could not significantly get a compensation from muscular activation of erector spine,which is a highly risk situation of injury for passive tissues in low back area especially when lifting with a greater load.     

射击选手竞赛心理状态智能化监测系统的设计与实现

Shooting belongs to static endurance personal indirect confrontation sports item. The psychological state of the athletes in the arena often influences the final results of the contest directly. The heart rate measurement and regulation of shooters play an important role in shooting training and performance. The paper expounds the need for the developing intelligent monitoring system of contest psychological state for shooters ,the main components,the technical implementation and the innovation of the system. The system has the ability of real-time monitoring ,storing and analyzing shooters' heart rate.The system can help the coaches monitor and adjust shooters' mental state. In addition,we can make the system perfect from improving the number of re－al-time monitoring objects and doing more detailed data analysis.     

方法与进展：基于国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学项目的文本研究

采用文献计量法和文本研究法,以 2001—2012 年期间国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学典型成果为研究样本,就“课题指南、立项项目、研究成果形式、研究问题与方法”4 个维度展开多角度、全方位的探究,意在归纳其研究领域的基本特征,阐述我国体育社会科学研究的动态趋势,推进课题研究的发展。主要观点：（1）就国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究的地位与作用而言,应加强政策支持,使其更好地为国家体育事业的宏观决策、规划政策制定、运动项目发展提供科学有效地指导;（2）就国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究的内容而论,一要紧扣社会主题,抓住热点问题;二要加强多学科交叉融合研究,注重研究方法运用的合理有效;三要规划好立项课题的结构,拓展参与课题研究的部门机构;（3）应以课题研究为先导,激发研究者或研究团队研究的问题意识与主题意识,着力解决体育事业重要发展问题,推进研究进程健康可持续发展。     

Optimized versus corrected peak power during friction-braked cycle ergometry in males and females

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare optimization and correction procedures for the determination of peak power output during friction-loaded cycle ergometry. Ten male and 10 female sports students each performed five 10-s sprints from a stationary start on a Monark 864 basket-loaded ergometer. Resistive loads of 5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.5, and 11.0% body weight were administered in a counterbalanced order, with a recovery period of 10 min between sprints. Peak power was greater and occurred earlier, with less work having been done before the attainment of peak power, when the data were corrected to account for the inertial and frictional characteristics of the ergometer. Corrected peak power was independent of resistive load (P > 0.05), whereas uncorrected peak power varied as a quadratic function of load (P < 0.001). For males and females, optimized peak power (971 ± 122 and 668 ± 37 W) was lower (P < 0.01) than either the highest (1074 ± 111 and 754 ± 56 W respectively) or the mean (1007 ± 125 and 701 ± 45 W respectively) of the five values for corrected peak power. Optimized and mean corrected peak power were highly correlated both in males (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) and females (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). The difference between optimized and mean corrected peak power was 37 ± 30 W in males and 33 ± 14 W in females, of which approximately 15 W was due to the correction for frictional losses. We conclude that corrected peak power is independent of resistive load in males and females.     

我国体育竞赛业的SWOT分析及对策研究

通过文献法,运用管理学中的SWOT分析法,就目前我国体育竞赛业的内部优势、劣势和外部机遇、挑战进行客观的分析。结论:当前我国体育竞赛业发展的优势主要得利于其产业属性、经济的快速发展和庞大的人口基数决定的体育消费人口;劣势主要表现为管理体制、法制建设的滞后,精品赛事的缺乏和长久以来形成的"金牌第一"思想的干预。外部机遇则表现在以体育竞赛业为主的体育产业近年来受到国家政策的支持和体育行政部门的高度重视等;挑战主要来自内部资金的不足和国外品牌赛事的冲击。     

心肌梗塞后心力衰竭大鼠心脏AMPK表达上调:长期有氧运动的作用

目的:观察长期有氧运动对心肌梗塞后心力衰竭大鼠心脏AMPK表达的影响,探讨运动防治心衰的分子机制.方法:45只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、心梗安静组(MI)和心梗运动组(MI+E).心梗模型制作成功4周后,MI +E组进行10周跑台训练,Sham组和MI组保持安静状态.实验结束后,左心室导管法测量血流动力学参数,包括左心室收缩期压力(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)、左心室压力最大上升速率(+ dp/dtmax)和左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax).Western blot法检测心肌AMP-激活的蛋白激酶α(AMPKα)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)和葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)蛋白表达水平.结果:实验结束后,与Sham组比较,MI组LVEDP升高(P＜0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著性降低(均为P＜0.01),总AMPKα(P＜0.01)、磷酸化AMPKα(p-AMPKα)(P＜0.05)、总ACC(P ＜0.01)、磷酸化ACC(p-ACC) (P ＜0.01)、总GLUT4 (P ＜0.01)和肌膜GLUT4(P＜0.05)蛋白水平均显著性下降,但p-AMPKα/总AMPKα、p-ACC/总ACC、肌膜GLUT4/总GLUT4比值则均显著性升高(均为P＜0.01).与MI组比较,MI+E组LVSP和+dp/dtmax显著性升高(均为P＜0.01),而LVEDP则显著性降低(P＜0.01),总AMPKα(P ＜0.01)、p-AMPKα(P＜0.01)、总ACC(P ＜0.01)、p-ACC(P ＜0.01)、总GLUT4(P＜0.05)和肌膜GLUT4 (P ＜0.01)蛋白水平均显著性升高.结论:长期有氧运动通过上调AMPK表达改善了MI后HF大鼠的心功能.     

大学生运动员特质运动自信心调查研究——以温州高校为例

文章通过对温州高校77名大学生运动员的调查和对相关文献资料的分析,从不同角度探析温州高校大学生运动员的特质运动自信心。调查结果表明:不同年级、不同训练年限、不同等级的运动员在特质运动任务和特质运动应对信心方面均存在显著性的差异,集体和个人项目也存在着差异。测量数据可为大学生运动员特质运动自信心的培养和科学的心理技能训练提供参考,可为提高大学生运动员的竞技水平服务。     

高校校园体育文化研究述评

通过文献资料分析法、逻辑归纳法,对近10年来国内学术界有关高校校园体育文化的研究进行回顾和梳理,从高校校园体育文化的概念界定、结构、特征、功能、建设途径等方面归纳众多学者的研究观点,分析已有研究的成果与问题,并试着提出今后研究的方向,旨在为高校校园体育文化的进一步研究提供一定的参考.     

运动和营养素的细胞内作用靶点——线粒体：阿尔茨海默病防治的新思路

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer Disease,AD）是一种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病,目前缺乏有效的防治方法.研究表明,适量的运动和营养素,可以通过改善脑内线粒体的功能,延缓认知功能衰退和阿尔茨海默病的发生和发展.我们将这类靶向于线粒体的营养素或天然产物定义为线粒体营养素.本文从线粒体角度,综述了运动和线粒体营养素对阿尔茨海默病中神经元的作用机制,为阿尔茨海默病的防治提供新的思路.