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81.
The present study examined the use of statistical cues for word boundaries during Chinese reading. Participants were instructed
to read sentences for comprehension with their eye movements being recorded. A two-character target word was embedded in each
sentence. The contrast between the probabilities of the ending character (C2) of the target word (C12) being used as word
beginning and ending in all words containing it was manipulated. In addition, by using the boundary paradigm, parafoveal overlapping
ambiguity in the string C123 was manipulated with three types of preview of the character C3, which was a single-character
word in the identical condition. During preview, the combination of C23′ was a legal word in the ambiguous condition and was
not a word in the control condition. Significant probability and preview effects were observed. In the low-probability condition,
inconsistency in the frequent within-word position (word beginning) and the present position (word ending) lengthened gaze
durations and increased refixation rate on the target word. Although benefits from the identical previews were apparent, effects
of overlapping ambiguity were negligible. The results suggest that the probability of within-word positions had an influence
during character-to-word assignment, which was mainly verified during foveal processing. Thus, the overlapping ambiguity between
parafoveal words did not interfere with reading. Further investigation is necessary to examine whether current computational
models of eye movement control should incorporate statistical cues for word boundaries together with other linguistic factors
in their word processing system to account for Chinese reading. 相似文献
82.
Integrating environmental sustainability into universities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Universities play a fundamental role in addressing global environmental challenges as their education, research and community involvement can produce long-lasting environmental effects and societal change. By demonstrating best practice in their operations, research and teaching, universities have both multiple and multiplier effects on society. For universities to comprehensively address sustainability, a ‘learning for sustainability’ approach needs to be embedded across every aspect of institutional operations in a synergistic way. Using semi-structured interviews, this research explored the factors that influence the integration of sustainability into the operations, teaching and research activities of universities in Australia and England. The research found that individuals, committed to the goal of a more sustainable world, play a vital role in the success of integrating environmental sustainability into universities. The factors critical to enabling universities to undertake the transformational changes necessary to embed environmental sustainability into all university areas included: a strong policy environment, resourcing of strategies, and encouragement of leaders and environmental sustainability advocates. Educating and building the awareness of university staff of the importance of environmental sustainability to future generations was key to a successful strategy. 相似文献
83.
84.
Knowledge management (KM), or the effective use of knowledge, has been practiced successfully by many business organizations. Individual libraries and librarians have periodically utilized KM. However, on a comprehensive scale, the library culture seems divided. This article examines the attitudes and practices of two distinct groups of specialized librarians and their relationship to the use of KM tools. 相似文献
85.
Ralph N. Sargent Rene L. Ash John Hales George Fox 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(4):48-49
Ralph N. Sargent's Preserving the Moving Image (Washington: Corporation for Public Broadcaiting and National Endowment for the Arts, 1974---$3.95, paper) Rene L. Ash's The Motion Picture Film Editor (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1974---$6.00) John Hales (ed.) Computer Animation (New York: Hastings House, 1974---$20.00) George Fox's Earthquake: The Story of a Movie (New York: Signet Film Series, 1974---$1.25, paper) 相似文献
86.
Isaiah Litvak Christopher Maule Bernard Rubin Jim Richstad Michael McMillan Ralph Barney 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(6):8-10
Isaiah Litvak and Christopher Maule's Cultural Sovereignty, The Time and Reader's Digest Case in Canada (New York: Praeger Special Studies, 1974---$13.50) Survey of Public Attitudes Towards the Computer (Ottawa: Department of Communications, 1973---$1.00, paper) Bernard Rubin's Propaganda and Public Opinion: Strategies of Persuasion (Middletown, Conn.: Xerox Educational Publications, 1973---copies on request, paper) Jim Richstad, Michael McMillan, and Ralph Barney's The Pacific Islands Press: A Directory (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1973---no price given, paper) Judith Tegger Kildow's Intelsat: Policy-Maker's Dilemma (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books/Heath, 1973---$12.50) 相似文献
87.
Nancy Jesuale Ralph Lee Smith Richard M. Neustadt Nicholas P. Miller Jane Wilson 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(7)
THE COMMUNITY MEDIUM, edited by Nancy Jesuale with Ralph Lee Smith (182 pages) A GUIDE FOR LOCAL POLICY, edited by Nancy Jesuale with Richard M. Neustadt and Nicholas P. Miller (131 pages) Jane Wilson, “New Information Technologies for the Nonprofit Sector,” (The Foundation Center, 888 Seventh Ave., New York, N.Y. 10106---$4.95, paper) 1982 CABLE ADVERTISING DIRECTORY (Nations Cable Television Association, 1724 Massachuse Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036---$30. paper) THE INTERACTIVE CABLE TV HANDBOOK (Phillips Publishing , 7315 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1200 N, Bethesda, MD 20814---$49.00, paper) COUNTDOWN: DIRECT-TO-HOME SATELLITE BROADCASTING IN THE EIGHTIES (65 pages---$75.00, paper) VIDEODISC: BOOM OR BUST? THE STORY OF THE VIDEODISC IN 1981 FROM THE PAGES OF TELEVISION DIGEST (75 pages, $75.00, paper) 相似文献
88.
Ralph Negrine 《Media History》2013,19(4):450-463
What part do newspapers play in helping us understand the experiences of migration and displacement? This paper will examine this question by exploring the representation of the displacement of some of the 800,000 Jews from ‘Arab lands’ in the period immediately after the emergence of the state of Israel and, more specifically, the experiences of Jews from Iraq in 1949–1951 and Egypt in 1956–1957, as reported in the New York Times, The (London) Times, and the Manchester Guardian. Despite the underlying and well-known threats to Jewish communities in these, and other, countries and their displacement from these lands, these newspapers rarely discussed these migrations as being ‘Jewish refugees’. Why this was so is one of the key questions that this paper seeks to ask. 相似文献
89.
Virginia P. Richmond Ralph S. Smith Jr. Alan D. Heisel James C. McCroskey 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(3):211-216
This study examined the relationships between the nonverbal immediacy of physicians and their patients’ satisfaction with them as doctors and overall medical care. Consistent with the results of previous studies in the instructional and organizational communication areas, substantial associations were found in this medical context. Patients who see their physicians as more immediate report more satisfaction with the physician and are generally more satisfied with the medical care they receive. The patients also indicated experiencing less fear of their physician when the physician was more immediate. 相似文献
90.
Recently, communication scholars have become interested in relationships between communication apprehension and the underlying biological predispositions for behavior called temperament. The resulting communibiological paradigm is said to account for individual differences in communicative behavior and adaptation to speaking situations. Because temperament is conceived as a multidimensional construct, the precise biologically determined predispositions influencing temperamental expression are yet to be discovered. In this research, Strelau's Pavlovian temperament theory is applied to this problem. Facets of the Pavlovian Temperament Survey were related to McCroskey's (1978) Personal Report of Communication Apprehension. Results suggest a moderate level of interdependence between communication apprehension and several facets of Pavlovian temperament. 相似文献