Self-Regulation and Task Engagement as Predictors of Emergent Language and Literacy Skills

Research Findings: A growing emphasis in the literature on children’s self-regulation signals the need for increased understanding of the ways in which young children become active players in the acquisition of knowledge. In particular, self-regulation may be linked to subsequent academic achievement through greater engagement with the learning tasks and activities made available in the preschool classroom. This study tested preschoolers’ (N = 603) observed task engagement in the classroom as mediating the relations between directly assessed self-regulation and changes in their language and literacy outcomes during the preschool year. Findings indicate that self-regulation is directly related to observed task engagement as well as changes in a host of language and literacy skills. Engagement with tasks and activities in the classroom also partially mediates the association between self-regulation and changes in expressive vocabulary. Mediation through task engagement was not found for receptive language or early literacy skills. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that the development and evaluation of clearly articulated preschool curricula designed to promote academic achievement by fostering self-regulation is an important direction for future research.     

论柳宗元《送薛存义之任序》

《送薛存义之任序》是柳宗元任永州司马员外置同正员时所作，柳宗元在文中宣扬官吏是公仆，人民是主人这样一种思想，这是以元和初期永州零陵县发生官吏渎职，农民暴动这一事件为依据提出了的思想观点，对圆满处理事件的薛存义的政绩予以评价，这是柳宗元“明道”文学的代表作。     

冲突与应对--从金岱的长篇小说《心界》看转型期知识分子的人文立场

面对当下知识分子价值选择迷惘和化人格丧失的严峻现实，金岱的长篇小说《心界》设置了三种不同类型的人应对方式，并分别对其表明了鲜明的褒贬。《心界》深含的思想内蕴和所具有的化价值与精神价值值得深究和肯定。     

WTO《SCM协议》与我国反补贴法律体系的发展

《SCM协议》是WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协议》的简称，它反对和限制专向性补贴，对全体WTO成员具有约束力。在国际反补贴实践中，各国纷纷使用反补贴措施抵制补贴对本国产业的侵害。我国现有的反补贴法律体系，是以国务院的行政法规、国务院行政机关的部门规章和最高人民法院的司法解释作为基本结构建立起来的。这些法规、规章和司法解释颁布和实施的时间尚短，还没有检验机会，有待在实践中予以完善和发展。     

博物馆观众研究简史(三)——20世纪90年代至今

博物馆观众研究领域最早的成果可以追溯到吉尔曼(Gilman)在1911年的研究工作,本文对观众评估研究的关注对象与问题进行了历史性的批判分析。本研究揭示了各类研究建立的范式,包括对实施机制的说明、对评估客观性的审问、对文化民主化研究和营销相关研究之间不协调性的强调。本文结合多年经济危机和理性化带来的影响,介绍了20世纪90年代至今博物馆观众研究的工具化,并结合观众研究的他律性的特点进行分析,提出了这一领域面临的四大挑战。     

Characterizing and comparing the friendships of anxious-solitary and unsociable preadolescents

Friendships matter for withdrawn youth because the consequences of peer isolation are severe. From a normative sample of 2,437 fifth graders (1,245 females; M age = 10.25), a subset (n = 1,364; 638 female) was classified into 3 groups (anxious-solitary, unsociable, comparison) and followed across a school year. Findings indicated that it was more common for unsociable than anxious-solitary children to have friends, be stably friended, and participate in multiple friendships. For withdrawn as well as nonwithdrawn children, peer rejection predicted friendlessness, but this relation was strongest for anxious-solitary children. The friends of unsociable youth were more accepted by peers than those of anxious-solitary youth. The premise that friendship inhibits peer victimization was substantiated for withdrawn as well as nonwithdrawn youth.     

Gender differences in positive social–emotional functioning

We investigated gender differences of children and adolescents on positive social and emotional competencies using a new strength‐based measure of positive social–emotional attributes and resilience—the Social–Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales (SEARS) cross‐informant system. Caregivers, teachers, and students in grades kindergarten through 12 from schools across several U.S. states completed SEARS rating scales and self‐report forms. Females were consistently rated as having significantly higher total scores on all versions of the SEARS assessment system (p < .01), indicating consistent perceptions of females' higher levels of social–emotional competencies by all raters. These differences were not impacted by the grade students were in or the gender of the parent or teacher rater. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.