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71.
This study investigates four seventh-grade teachers' awareness of students' tendency to conjoin or 'finish' open expressions. It also investigates teachers' ways of coping with this tendency. Three types of data were collected: 1) lesson plans, 2) lesson observations, and 3) post-lesson interviews. The analysis showed that the two experienced teachers were aware of this tendency and some of its possible sources, while the novices were unaware of either. Teaching approaches related to this tendency also differed considerably. In conclusion we analyze these teaching methods in light of the existing literature and discuss possible short- and long-term implications of the use of each approach. 相似文献
72.
This study was designed to examine the relationship between syntactic awareness and reading performance. A major concern was to provide an estimate of the effect of syntactic training that was not confounded with training that focused on semantic features of words. The training exercises used in the study focused on all levels of syntactic awareness in order that the effect of such training could be assessed on students’ performance on tasks that tapped each of the levels. Results of this study showed that syntactic awareness could be improved through training. The effect was stable, being apparent at the two post-test times. However, no evidence was found for a systematic effect of improved syntactic awareness on reading ability. Moreover, syntactic training did not show any greater effect than no treatment or semantic training on children’s grammatic comprehension, their ability to use fix-up strategies, or on their general reading ability score. Training had a different impact on the accuracy of oral reading for the syntactic and semantic training groups. Thus, in terms of the developmental sequence of syntactic awareness proposed by Gombert (1992), children trained in the cloze procedure improved at the two highest levels, whilst showing neither a corresponding change in the lower levels of awareness, nor improved functional reading performance. 相似文献
73.
74.
Shaoan Zhang Qingmin Shi Stephen Tonelson Jack Robinson 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2009,25(8):1117-1124
This study investigated preservice and inservice teachers' perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure. A sample of 180 preservice teachers and 135 preK-12 teachers participated in the study. Results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of teachers in their perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure in the three dimensions: Uncommon Topics, Uncommon Purposes, and Consideration of Students. No significant differences were found in the two dimensions: Common Topics and Common Purposes. This study makes an excellent contribution to the theoretical framework of the study of teacher self-disclosure and also provides implications for teaching and teacher education. 相似文献
75.
Past research demonstrates that children learn from a previously accurate speaker rather than from a previously inaccurate one. This study shows that children do not necessarily treat a previously inaccurate speaker as unreliable. Rather, they appropriately excuse past inaccuracy arising from the speaker's limited information access. Children ( N = 67) aged 3, 4, and 5 years aimed to identify a hidden toy in collaboration with a puppet as informant. When the puppet had previously been inaccurate despite having full information, children tended to ignore what they were told and guess for themselves: They treated the puppet as unreliable in the longer term. However, children more frequently believed a currently well-informed puppet whose past inaccuracies arose legitimately from inadequate information access. 相似文献
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77.
规模经济效应已成为“传统”远程教育(福特模式)的众多优势之一,也让单一模式的大学能以较低的价格提供优质的服务。而远程教育的范围经济效应虽然还没有获得足够的重视,但随着电子化教学的出现,越来越多各种形式的远程教育机构开始提供定制化的学习方式,范围经济效应也变得更为重要了。远程教育的规模经济效应和范围经济效应在帮助远程教育机构获利的同时,也对这些机构提出了更多要求。大型远程教育大学和小型网上课程提供者都有各自的难处,前者很难实现范围经济效应,而后者则发现规模经济效应难以企及。将两种效应最大化是难点之一,如果可能,还要了解其中的变化。本文将探讨规模和范围经济效应与远程教育和电子化教学的关系,并提出一个问题,即如何实现这两种效应。若要在规模经济效应和范围经济效应之间求得一个平衡,则很有可能需要进行组织机构的改变,特别是如果需要进行类似电子化教学这样的创新活动。因此,本文也将涉及教育机构如何应对创新相关的问题。本文提出的一系列问题目前尚无解答,我们等待有充分理论和研究依据的答案. 相似文献
78.
Sally Robinson Alison Ekins Ian Durrant Kathryn Summers 《Pastoral Care in Education》2018,36(1):57-69
The number of children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions in England is double what it was at the millennium. These conditions include cystic fibrosis, cancer, organ failure and severe neurological injuries. The Teaching for Life project aimed to explore the needs of teachers working in English schools in relation to working with children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions. Ninety teachers completed a questionnaire and 38 completed individual and group interviews. About half the teachers interviewed had experience of working with children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions, and half did not. The teachers expressed a number of anxieties about coping with illness, death and bereavement. They described difficulties in communicating with parents, children and health professionals. They worried about maintaining their professional role whilst needing to contain their own emotions and the emotions of others, within school cultures that did not feel supportive. The paper concludes that policies and practices that seek to support children with medical conditions need to acknowledge the weight of responsibility for teachers. They need to articulate with a whole school approach that protects and promotes teachers’ emotional well-being. 相似文献
79.
Abstract The influence of the Cardan rotation sequence on the orientation angles for joints is well known but has not been explored for dynamic sports movements. The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of Cardan rotation sequence on the orientation angles of the ankle, knee, and hip of the support leg and pelvis during dynamic sports movements, typified by a maximal instep kick in soccer. We found that: (a) the X (flexion/extension) axis rotations provide data that are robust for any sequence used other than the YXZ sequence, although the Y (abduction/adduction) and Z (internal/external) axes rotations are variable in both shape and offset magnitude; (b) the preferred rotation sequence is either XYZ or XZY for dynamic sports movements, although for the soccer kick the XYZ rotation sequence has been widely used and so this is recommended as a standard; and (c) most uncertainties exist in the Y and Z axes and are most apparent at the beginning of the movement. Where uncertainty exists in identifying Y and Z axes orientations, the integrated angular velocity may be considered as an alternative to determine the relative changes in segment orientation. 相似文献
80.
Leah E. Robinson Mary E. Rudisill Jacqueline D. Goodway 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):543-551
In Part II of this study, we examined the effect of two 9-week instructional climates (low-autonomy [LA] and mastery motivational climate [MMC]) on perceived physical competence (PPC) in preschoolers (N = 117). Participants were randomly assigned to an LA, MMC, or comparison group. PPC was assessed by a pretest, posttest, and retention test with the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance. A significant Treatment × Time interaction (p < .001) was present, supporting that MMC participants reported significantly higher PPC scores over time, while no positive changes were present in LA and comparison participants. The results show that an MMC leads to psychological benefits related to achievement motivation. These findings should encourage early childhood educators to consider the effect of instructional climates on children's self-perception. 相似文献