Effect of temperature on batch elastase production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus</Emphasis> sp. EL31410

The production of elastase by Bacillus sp. EL31410 at various temperatures was investigated. In order to study the effect of temperature on elastase fermentation, different cultivation temperatures, ranging from 39 °C to 28 °C, were evaluated in shake flask. The result indicated that 37 °C was best for cell growth at earlier stage; while maximum elastase activity was obtained when the cells were cultivated at 30 °C. This result was verified by batch fermentation in 5-L bioreactor under 37 °C and 30 °C temperature, respectively. The specific cell growth rate at 37 °C was higher than that at 30 °C during earlier stage of cultivation. The maximum value [5.5 U/(h·g DCW)] of elastase formation rate occurred at 24 h at 30 °C compared to 4.6 U/(h·g DCW) at 30 h at 37 °C. Based on these results, two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature cultivation mode were evaluated in the next study. When compared to single temperature of 37 °C or 30 °C, both two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature strategy improved biomass but did not yield the same result as expected for elastase production. The maximum biomass (both 8.6 g/L) was achieved at 30 h at 37 °C, but at 42 h using two-stage temperature cultivation strategy. The highest elastase production (652 U/ml) was observed at 30 °C in batch process. It was concluded that cultivation at constant temperature of 30 °C was appropriate for elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410. Project (No. 20276064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

美国基础教育"校本预算"

本文首先分析了美国基础教育校本预算的发展状况,阐述了校本预算的概念内涵及其实质。其次,介绍了校本预算制度实施的基本框架,并对具体实施步骤进行了分析。再次,介绍与分析了校本预算的构成和编制过程。最后,归纳总结了美国校本预算制度的主要特征,以期对我国教育改革提供有益的借鉴。     

何取半日堪饮茶-陈小翠的词曲人生

饮茶,是中国人怡情适意的一种常见形式;饮茶,是要有一把好光阴,几个闲时日的人方能乐享的。杭州的茶文化历史悠久,在平静的西湖水边出生的女子,却难有半日的闲暇来饮茶,比如杭县才女陈小翠（翠娜）。     

实践教学法在中职“企业财务会计”教学中的应用价值

本文通过对当前中职院校的教学现状开展总结与分析,进一步探讨实践教学法在“企业财务会计”教学中的应用价值。     

基于“职教20条”视角再议“双师型”教师队伍建设

《国家职业教育改革实施方案》明确了“双师型”教师队伍建设的目标、要求和实施举措;基于“双师”政策的解读,针对职业院校在“双师”建设中存在的问题,文章提出了在具体实施中的几点建议,即建设“双师”标准体系、推进校企共建共育、改革学校人事制度、改进教育评价方式。为“双师型”教师的培养创造必要的条件和成长氛围。     

基于“馆藏揭示+开放获取”特色资源建设新模式的探讨——以天津地区高职院校为例

特色文献资源是高职院校专业教学资源库建设的文献信息资源支撑和保障,也是高职院校办学特色和专业优势的集中体现。本文结合天津高职院校图书馆基于"馆藏揭示+开放获取"的特色资源数据库建设实践,就如何分析、梳理、提炼、整合、存储基于学校专业建设的馆藏信息资源以及如何挖掘、整合和利用具有专业特色的开放获取文献信息资源进行了探讨,旨在探索一条适合高职院校的专业特色文献资源数据库建设之路。     

教育学的门户网站——起跑点与教育进行时数字图书馆

起跑点（Starting Point： Teaching Entry Level Geoscience）和教育进行时（Pedagogy in Action）这两个数字图书馆都是由卡尔顿大学（Carleton College）的科学教育中心（SERC）开发的项目。它们作为SERC教育学图书馆的门户,旨在为地球科学教育工作者提供高质量的教学方法和相关的教学经验,同时通过鼓励教学者上传相关的教学案例,反映自己的教学方法和教学活动,并探索新的教学方法,为教育工作者提供教学方面的资源。这两个数字图书馆存在着紧密的联系。文章从该馆建设、馆藏组织、技术特征、界面设计、服务特点等方面分别对这两个数字图书馆进行了评述,并给出了作者的评价与建议。     

Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, science or myth？

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）. In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties, but western scientists have doubted the scientific validity of CHM due to the lack of scientific evidence from their perspective. Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of CHM. Experiments showed that CHM played its anticancer role by inducing apoptosis and differentiation, enhancing the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance （MDR）, etc. Clinical trials demonstrated that CHM could improve survival, increase tumor response, improve quality of life, or reduce chemotherapy toxicity, although much remained to be determined regarding the objective effects of CHM in human in the context of clinical trials. Interestingly, both laboratory experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that when combined with chemotherapy, CHM could raise the efficacy level and lower toxic reactions. These facts raised the feasibility of the combination of herbal medicines and chemotherapy, although much remained to be investigated in this area.     

基于核独立成分分析的静息态fMRI数据研究（英文）

为了方便提取静息态默认网络,降低功能核磁共振（fMRI）数据复杂度,克服独立成分分析只适合于源信号线性混合的限制,提出了特征降维和非线性变换的框架.首先采用主成分分析对fMRI信号的时间维度进行降维,将原始维度为153 594×128的fMRI数据降至153 594×5,以达到降低计算复杂度的目的,并保留95%的信息成分.然后利用基于高斯核的非线性独立成分分析即核独立成分分析来分析静息态fMRI数据并提取默认网络.实验结果表明,在分析静息态fMRI数据的过程中,核独立成分分析不仅能准确提取默认网络,而且降低了噪声,所得到的结果优于普通独立成分分析.     

The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe—one prevails quickly

In the spread of SARS-CoV-2, there have been multiple waves of replacement between strains, each of which having a distinct set of mutations. The first wave is a group of four mutations (C241T, C3037T, C14408T and A23403G [this being the amino acid change D614G]; all designated 0 to 1 below). This DG (D614G) group, fixed at the start of the pandemic, is the foundation of all subsequent waves of strains. Curiously, the DG group is absent in early Asian samples but present (and likely common) in Europe from the beginning. European data show that the high fitness of DG1111 requires the synergistic effect of all four mutations. However, the European strains would have had no time to evolve the four DG mutations (0 to 1), had they come directly from the early Asian DG0000 strain. Very likely, the European DG1111 strain had acquired the highly adaptive DG mutations in pre-pandemic Europe and had been spreading in parallel with the Asian strains. Two recent reports further support this twin-beginning interpretation. There was a period of two-way spread between Asia and Europe but, by May 2020, the European strains had supplanted the Asian strains globally. This large-scale replacement of one set of mutations for another has since been replayed many times as COVID-19 progresses.