Simulation and Instructional Objectives in Counselor Education

Simulation is a controlled representation of a real situation. An instructional program using simulation to reach instructional objectives is described. The four levels of simulation discussed are reading and listening, modeling, practice experiences and role playing, and supervised experience.     

BOOK REVIEWS

S OVEREIGN R EASON . By Ernest Nagel.
T HE S OCIOLOGY OF E DUCATION AND E DUCATIONAL S OCIOLOGY . A Sociology of Education by Wilbur B. Brookover. New York: American Book Company, 1955; and Applied Principles of Educational Sociology and Educational Sociology, A Resource Book . Edited by Harold R. Bottrell.
W HY J OHNNY C AN ' T R EAD AND W HAT Y OU C AN D O A BOUT I T . By Rudolf Flesch.
T HE F LEXIBLE S CHOOL : A R EPORT OF THE C OMMITTEE FOR THE S TUDY OF F LEXIBILITY IN THE E LEMENTARY S CHOOL .     

Prediction of Human Relations Training Outcome by Traditional and Nontraditional Selection Indices

A variety of traditional and nontraditional selection indices were used to predict the outcome of a graduate-level course in counseling which was specifically designed to improve the students' human relations skills. Multiple correlations of .75 to .80 were found between a measure of training outcome and various combinations of predictors. A series of multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the traditional selection indices (GPA, GRE-Verbal, GRE-Quantitative, Miller Analogies Test) accounted for a very minor amount of the variance in ratings of the final taped interview. In contrast, a newly developed selection measure (trainability index) accounted for almost all of the predictable variance. The need for a new and more efficient predictive model for graduate-level counselor training is discussed.     

试论《哈尼阿培聪坡坡》所载各迁徙阶段的历史分期

《哈尼阿培聪坡坡》是哈尼族最重要的迁徙史诗,长期以来一直为研究哈尼族的学者所重视,但是诗中所载各迁徙阶段的历史分期问题一直没有得到很好的解决。文章尝试运用新的证据为该史诗断代。据国内史学界研究,哈尼人最迟已于唐朝年间到达红河地区,这一研究成果成为笔者为该史诗断代的基点。通过史诗所述谷哈密查时期哈尼人学会"烧石化水"、"造犁铸剑"这一重要信息,结合昆明地区最早出现炼铁技术的史学研究成果,笔者初步判断哈尼人在谷哈密查的生活年代当为西汉末年到东汉末年。之后运用了三尖叉、轺车、父子连名制、南中大姓及哈尼在那妥、石七生活期间的社会氛围等相关资料为断代结果做进一步的论证,以确保断代的科学性。     

The Effect of Scoring Criteria Specificity on Peer and Self-assessment

The value of peer and self-assessments is commonly diminished by scoring range restriction by the raters. This investigation studied the effect of different levels of scoring criteria specificity and written feedback requests on the distribution of scores, the correlation between peer and self-assessments and the quantity and nature of written feedback. Increasing the number of criteria decreased the mean scores and increased the standard deviations of the peer and self-assessments, providing a wider range of scores and increasing the sensitivity of the instrument. Correlation between peer and self-assessment was improved with more specific criteria, depending on the statistic used. However, analysis revealed that the more specific written feedback requests elicited more peer feedback. Educators should consider the effects of criteria specificity and written feedback solicitation on rater behaviour when designing these instruments.     

立体电影大反击

过不了多久，神奇的立体电影就将重出江湖，而这次它将不再需要上世纪70年代那种让人头疼的立体眼镜了。卢卡斯、斯皮尔伯格、卡梅隆和其他好莱坞电影人已经准备好永远告别二维世界了。[编者按]