A reconsideration of Marx’s idea of “association of free individuals”

The whole Marxist theory centers on the emancipation and freedom of human beings, the naming of his highest ideal as ‘association of free individuals’ being the clear proof. However, it would be superficial to announce Marxism as humanism of individualism according to Marx’s pursuit of ‘free development of each’. The ‘free development of each’ put forward by Marx when describing the ‘association of free individuals’ refers to individuals’ re-subjecting their social relations that have been changed into material powers owing to private ownership and alienation. In this sense, the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. In this very sense, too, the foundation of the real community is required as the presupposition so as to relate his theory of freedom to the theory on the elimination of private ownership and the alienation and elimination of class and state finally. Project supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(No. 00BZZ001) and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education, China.     

“材料力学”水平冲击问题的教学思考

在课堂教学中发现,学生难以理解在被冲击物的水平方向上施加冲击物的重力来计算动荷因数。本文研究了不同水平静荷载的施加对冲击问题的影响,推导出水平冲击问题求解的通用公式,证明水平冲击问题与静荷载的施加方式及大小无关。若采用动荷因数法,需选择冲击物自身重力作为被冲击物的水平静载,才可得到教材中的结果。结合国外材料力学教材,介绍了水平冲击问题的另一种求解方法,拓宽了读者求解水平冲击的思路,并给出相应的教学建议。     

Adaptive terminal sliding mode control for high-order nonlinear dynamic systems

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｎｏｎ ｌｉｎｅａｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｔｏｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｄｉｓｔｕｒｂａ     

苏氏蜀学文艺思想的巴蜀文化特征

苏氏蜀学为宋学的重要学派、也是巴蜀化中极具特色的一支。蜀学之成，始于三苏父子。就苏氏蜀学中的艺思想与巴蜀化的密切关系进行分析，可以看出，苏氏艺思想的形成与巴蜀化中的两汉先贤意识、杂学色彩、切人事重抒情、尚操守重节气、富异端色彩和反叛精神等关系至密，苏氏蜀学既孕育于巴蜀化之中，又为巴蜀化增添了无数光彩。     

图示法在定积分中的应用

定积分是高等数学中最重要的内容之一，图示法是一种直观的解题方法，现从多个方面介绍图示法在定积分中的应用。     

Globalization as Both Threat and Opportunity for the Hong Kong Teaching Profession

The paper examines the roles of theHong Kong government, schools and teachers inthe translation of global economic imperativesinto demands on education, and how suchtranslation affects the teaching profession.Two global imperatives are selected forillustration because of their peculiarforegrounding by the Hong Kong government:international (English) language proficiencyand competence in information technology. Thepaper argues that preparation for economicglobalization not only poses a threat, but alsocreates an opportunity for the development ofthe teaching profession, and that this dependsto a large extent on how the governmenttranslates these global imperatives intodemands on teachers. The government is theprincipal actor in the selection andtranslation of global imperatives. Schools arenot just brokers and enforcers of governmentpolicy, but can be an important buffer betweenthe government and teachers by helping themcope with the imposed imperatives at the schoollevel. Teachers can be key players in acceptingor rejecting such imperatives. Governmentstrategies that are insensitive to teachers'needs and practical concerns create moreproblems than solutions.     

邓小平经济建设思想的辩证法研究

邓小平经济建设思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分，是对马克思主义经济建设理论的突破与重大发展。邓小平经济建设思想体现了一般与特殊相结合、内因与外因相结合、局部与整体相结合、两点论与重点论相结合、原则性与灵活性相结合的辩证法思想。     

腐蚀钼阴极尖端溶液的配制

报导了一种配制腐蚀阴极尖端溶液的方法，用这种方法配制的溶液来腐蚀钼阴极尖端，得到了尖端曲率半径为0．1——0．6μm，这样的阴极尖端其发射特性能够满足我们用这种金属（钼）树料来制作阴极尖端的要求。     

科研信息化发展态势和思考

文章分析了科研信息化发展态势,认为当前科研信息化发展将进入第三阶段即"一体化"阶段,并将发展态势凝练为"五新":大数据驱动科研范式变革成为"新亮点",开放科学借力科研信息化成为"新趋势",科研移动应用成为科研创新的"新动力",科研信息化基础设施性能及规模加速发展和升级成为"新常态",科研信息化推动企业创新和产学研协同创新成为"新模式"。指出了我国在科研信息化基础设施与应用领域面临的挑战;介绍了中科院在科研信息化基础设施、科学大数据、科研信息化应用3个方面的发展部署;提出了针对我国科研信息化的发展建议,包括建立国家科研信息化发展体系,实施国家级科研信息化工程,建设面向全国科技界提供科技资源和信息化资源的综合服务平台等。