The Effects of a Kit-Based Science Curriculum and Intensive Science Professional Development on Elementary Student Science Achievement

The science achievement of 226 5th graders from districts that have a kit-based inquiry science curriculum supported by intensive professional development (PD) is compared with data from a group of 173 5th graders from other districts that use nonkit science materials and do not have systematic science PD for teachers. Within the kit-based project, the sample of project teachers is stratified to select teachers with a high number of science PD hours versus those with few hours. While there were no significant differences in the mean total scores for kit-based students with low PD versus high PD teachers, the kit-based classrooms scored significantly higher than students in nonkit classrooms on both the pretest and posttest, though there were significantly more minutes of science instruction in the nonkit classrooms. Finally, nonkit teachers taught more units of shorter length and reported lower levels of preparedness to use reform pedagogical approaches.     

民国时期老子研究风貌管窥--《老子哲学之研究》阅读札记

在民国时期,伴随着中国现代化的进程,西方近现代学术开始大量传入中国,并为中国学术界所接受。随着"哲学"一词及其观念的传入,"老子哲学"研究一词开始频繁出现在民国时期老子研究的各类文章和书籍中,一个不同于封建时代的老子研究范式逐步被确立起来,其中许多观念一直延续至今。从金声这本名不见经传的小册子中,我们能够感受到中西思想强烈撞击的时代背景下老子研究的风貌。     

Patterns of Social Interaction of Mainstreamed Preschool Children: Hopeful News from the Field

Much of the research on social interaction in mainstreamed settings has focused on “reverse mainstreamed” or special environments in contrast, the present study observed 600 social interactions in 19 regular preschools. Three findings emerged: a) retarded children are substantially integrated into the emotional and social life of the peer group, but not fully integrated into peer group verbal life; b) there is an inverse relationship between teachers’ initiation of social interaction with retarded children and the degree to which the latter are integrated into peer group life; and c) teachers provide retarded children with more verbal enrichment and emotional protection than these children receive from their peer group. On balance, these findings are fairly encouraging, suggesting that to a considerable extent mainstreaming is working in preschool classrooms.     

How infants use vision for grasping objects

The role of vision was examined as infants prepared to grasp horizontally and vertically oriented rods. Hand orientation was measured prior to contact to determine if infants differentially oriented their hands relative to the object's orientation. Infants reached for rods under different lighting conditions. Three experiments are reported in which (1) sight of the hand was removed (N = 12), (2) sight of the object was removed near the end of the reach (N = 40, including 10 adults), and (3) sight of the object was removed prior to reach onset (N = 9). Infants differentially oriented their hand to a similar extent regardless of lighting condition and similar to control conditions in which they could see the rod and hand throughout the reach. In preparation for reaching, infants may use the current sight of the object's orientation, or the memory of it, to orient the hand for grasping; sight of the hand had no effect on hand orientation.     

Interactive Effects Between Maternal Parenting and Negative Emotionality on Social Functioning Among Very Young Chinese Children

Research Findings: This study examined how child negative emotionality interacted with mothers’ self-reported parenting in predicting different aspects of social functioning among very young Chinese children. A total of 109 Chinese nursery children in Hong Kong participated with their parents. Maternal supportive and aversive parenting practices were reported by mothers, and child negative emotionality and social functioning were reported by both mothers and fathers. The results revealed interaction effects between child negative emotionality and mothers’ self-reported parenting on children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social-emotional skill deficiency. Specifically, children with high negative emotionality were more susceptible to the negative effects of aversive parenting (i.e., showing more internalizing and externalizing problems when exposed to aversive parenting) than their peers with low negative emotionality. Negative emotionality also placed young children at risk for social-emotional skill deficiency, especially when they received less support from their mothers compared to their peers. Practice or Policy: Special attention should be paid to the social functioning of Chinese children with higher levels of negative emotionality, because these children are more vulnerable to poor-quality parenting at a very young age.     

《乐记》中的音乐美学思想探究

《乐记》奠定了中国音乐美学的基石,其系统的音乐美学思想,对后世有深远的历史影响。本文试图对其中的“声”、“音”、“乐”三个概念进行思辨,尤其对“乐”的审美特征进行深入的探讨,并结合前人的研究对《乐记》中的音乐美学思想给以客观评价。     

高丽忠宣王西谪吐蕃事件再析

高丽忠宣王西谪吐蕃事件,近年来,颇得学术界的关注。本文通过对相关资料的重新梳理,认为王璋西谪的直接起因,在于“忤中贵人”;其根本则是由于王璋不会坐视高丽丧失独立地位的“个性”,元朝廷制造借口,使其远离大都和王京,以便实施“中土化”高丽的计划。     

论健身性健美操的发展变化

健身性健美操是一项常学常新的项目，但科学、实用是最终的目的，新式健美操较旧式健美操在动作编排、上下肢动作分配、教学模式、教学侧重面、动作节奏、器械利用、音乐选择、运动科学化等八个方面发生了较大变化，有了新的创新与发展。