一体化虚拟学习平台系统的设计

对虚拟学习环境需求进行分析,通过采用客户机/服务器的结构,设计了基于因特网的一体化虚拟学习平台系统。通过本系统平台,使图书馆的资源和服务、课件资源之间建立了交互式动态链接,实现高校信息资源的共享和重用。     

关于短跑运动员服用甲壳素提高运动能力的研究

观察了短跑运动员服用甲壳素(Chitin)前后,机体在激烈运动后血乳酸浓度的变化。实验表明:通过服用甲壳素短跑运动员在运动过程中血乳酸浓度有显著的降低、运动成绩有所提高,短跑运动员服用甲壳素后能提高运动能力。     

现代篮球攻击性个人防守技术及其运用

以现代篮球防守技、战术的主要特征为参考系,分析了现代篮球攻击性个人防守技术方法,攻击性个人防守技术运用,并提出了现代篮球攻击性个人防守能力的要素及其训练手段。     

Cognitive behavioural strategies and anxiety in elite orienteers

The primary purpose of this exploratory field study was to examine the use of cognitive behavioural strategies by highly skilled orienteers prior to and during competition. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether differences in the level of qualification in orienteering is related to state anxiety. The subjects were divided into three classes with respect to their international and national records. The first two classes (A and B) were composed of international and national level athletes. The third class (C) included orienteers with unknown international records. Examination of the use of behavioural cognitive strategies during competition indicated that all orienteers reported a moderate use of mental imagery, above moderate use of inner talk and a focus of attention on present action rather than past or future. The other major findings were that prior to competition, superior orienteers reported use of higher self‐efficacy, more positive outcome expectations and more task demand orientation than their less successful counterparts. Top orienteers coped more successfully with pre‐competition anxiety by lowering their anxiety to a more moderate level prior to the actual performance.     

Dynamics of the martial arts high front kick

Fast unloaded movements (i.e. striking, throwing and kicking) are typically performed in a proximo‐distal sequence, where initially high proximal segments accelerate while distal segments lag behind, after which proximal segments decelerate while distal segments accelerate. The aims of this study were to examine whether proximal segment deceleration is performed actively by antagonist muscles or is a passive consequence of distal segment movement, and whether distal segment acceleration is enhanced by proximal segment deceleration. Seventeen skilled taekwon‐do practitioners were filmed using a high‐speed camera while performing a high front kick. During kicking, EMG recordings were obtained from five major lower extremity muscles. Based on the kinematic data, inverse dynamics computations were performed yielding muscle moments and motion‐dependent moments. The results indicated that thigh deceleration was caused by motion‐dependent moments arising from lower leg motion and not by active deceleration. This was supported by the EMG recordings. Lower leg acceleration was caused partly by a knee extensor muscle moment and partly by a motion‐dependent moment arising from thigh angular velocity. Thus, lower leg acceleration was not enhanced by thigh deceleration. On the contrary, thigh deceleration, although not desirable, is unavoidable because of lower leg acceleration.     

常压模拟高住低练对大鼠RBC、Hb及HCT的影响

目的探讨常压模拟高住低练对大鼠RBC、Hb及HCT的影响。方法60只SD大鼠随机分成两大组对照组(Ⅰ)和运动组(Ⅱ)。其中,Ⅰ分为常氧组(A)、高住8h组(B)和高住12h组(C);Ⅱ分为常氧运动组(D)、高住8h运动组(E)和高住12h运动组(F)。D、E、F组大鼠每天在坡度为0的动物跑台上以25m/min的速度训练1h。训练完后,将B、E组和C、F组放入氧浓度为12.5%(相当于海拔4000m)的低氧舱内8h和12h。实验期为4w,5d/w。实验后取血进行全血红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)检测。结果B组和C组RBC、Hb、HCT值显著上升(P<0.001);D组和E组RBC、Hb、HCT值显著下降(P<0.001);B组与E组比较,3项指标均具有高度显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论模拟高原环境能够使SD大鼠RBC、Hb及HCT值显著增加,实验采用的模拟高住低练训练模式使SD大鼠RBC、Hb及HCT值降低,且高住8h组和高住12h组、高住8h运动组和高住12h运动组之间差异无显著性。     

Immigrant Chinese Mothers’ Socialization of Achievement in Children: A Strategic Adaptation to the Host Society

Academic socialization by low‐income immigrant mothers from Mainland China was investigated in two studies. Immigrant Chinese mothers of first graders (n = 52; M_age = 38.69) in the United States (Study 1) and kindergartners (n = 86; M_age = 36.81) in Hong Kong (Study 2) tell stories that emphasized achieving the best grade through effort more than did African American (n = 39; M_age = 31.44) and native Hong Kong (n = 76; M_age = 36.64) mothers, respectively. The emphasis on achievement was associated with mothers' heightened discussion on discrimination (Study 1) and beliefs that education promotes upward mobility (Study 2), as well as children's expectations that a story protagonist would receive maternal criticism for being nonpersistent in learning (Study 2).     

Preschool children's exposure to story grammar elements during parent–child book reading

Twenty‐three preschool‐age children, 3;6 (years; months) to 4;1, were videotaped separately with their mothers and fathers while each mother and father read a different unfamiliar storybook to them. The text from the unfamiliar storybooks was parsed and coded into story grammar elements and all parental extratextual utterances were transcribed and coded for (1) their relationship to the story grammar elements found within the storybook, and (2) the natural strategies parents used to direct their children's attention to these elements. Children's overall exposure to story grammar elements during book reading was also explored for its relationship to their language abilities. Results indicated that parents focused significantly more on the resolution, attempt, and consequence compared to the initiating event and plan, and most frequently used the text and pictures as strategies for recruiting their children's attention to the story grammar elements within the book. In addition, the frequency of parental utterances related to story grammar elements was negatively correlated with children's language abilities. This study did not examine the complexity or depth of parental utterances related to story grammar elements. These findings provide initial evidence that children may derive their understanding of story grammar at least in part through their parents' extratextual discussions during parent–child book reading.     

《蝇王》之象征体系探微

戈尔丁的《蝇王》用象征手法构思全文且营构了一整套象征体系。文章通过象征体系隐喻性地揭示了人的境况，表现了作者对人的关怀和对人类本质的怀疑与思索。作者从题材背景、人物形象及实物意象三个方面的象征意蕴入手，剖析了戈尔丁作品的象征体系。