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31.
“I Heard it through the Grapevine”: Doctoral Student Socialization in Chemistry and History 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Susan K. Gardner 《Higher Education》2007,54(5):723-740
Twenty doctoral students in the disciplines of chemistry and history were interviewed to better understand the socialization
processes that influence their success and how these processes differ by year in the degree program and disciplinary culture.
Five major themes emerged describing these socialization processes and how they facilitate or impede degree success, including
Ambiguity, describing the programmatic guidelines and expectations that surrounded much of the students’ experience; Balance,
pointing to the students’ need to balance graduate school responsibilities along with external relationships and demands;
Independence, describing the students’ desire to find equilibrium as they transitioned to the role of independent scholar;
Development, highlighting the significant cognitive, personal, and professional development that occurs in these students’
graduate experience; and Support, describing the faculty, peer, and financial support needed for the students’ success in
their degree programs. Suggestions for policy, practice, and further research are discussed. 相似文献
32.
Susan Groundwater-Smith 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(2):159-176
This article provides a review of the concept of student voice as it has been represented in Educational Action Research from the 1990s to the present day. Contextualised within an exploration of the challenges posed by educational action research that incorporates student voice in the current age of accountability as reflected and understood in academia, we explore issues of power and authority, issues of process and issues of ownership as they emerge in the literature. We note ways in which these challenges are manifest in primary and secondary schooling and in tertiary education. Finally, we survey some recent representations of student voice in Educational Action Research, observing something of a shift from earlier conceptualisations of students as a ‘data source’ to a more active involvement as co-researchers and joint constructors of knowledge, progressing toward more active student–teacher partnerships. 相似文献
33.
Rats were trained in a three-alternative spatial delayed matching-to-sample task in a starburst maze. Samples consisted of rewarded forced choices of one arm, and retention was indicated by rats’ returning to that arm after a 90-sec delay. If a rat made an error on its first choice, it was returned to the start compartment and allowed a second choice. Unlike in previous experiments with this task, all three arms were available during the animals’ second choices. The rats tended to perseverate in their second choices by returning to the arm that they had erroneously visited on their first choice. In Experiment 1, the accuracy of second choices following first-choice errors was below chance during the first block of sessions, when a 90-sec delay intervened between the first choice and the second choice, and at chance during the second block of sessions, when a short (5–6 see) delay intervened between first and second choices. In Experiment 2, long-delay and short-delay sessions were randomly presented to naive subjects. Similar results were obtained. In both experiments, the tendency to repeat the erroneous first choice was greater when long delays separated the two choices than when short delays were used. The results suggest that rats make their first-choice errors because they erroneously encode or remember the location of the sample and that they base their second choices on the same erroneous-memory. The increase in perseveration at long delays implies some kind of rehearsal-like mechanism that slows forgetting of the memory controlling the first choice. 相似文献
34.
35.
Evidence of comparability is generally needed whenever there are variations in the conditions of an assessment administration, including variations introduced by the administration of an assessment on multiple digital devices (e.g., tablet, laptop, desktop). This article is meant to provide a comprehensive examination of issues relevant to the comparability of scores across devices, and as such provide a starting point in designing and implementing a research agenda to support the comparability of any assessment program. This work starts with a conceptual framework rooted in the idea of a comparability claim—a conceptual statement about how each student is expected to perform on each of the devices in question. Then a review of the available literature is provided, focusing on how aspects of the devices (touch screens, keyboards, screen size, and displayed content) and aspects of the assessments (content area and item type) relate to student performance and preference. Building on this literature, recommendations to minimize threats to comparability are then provided. The article concludes with ways to gather evidence to support claims of comparability. 相似文献
36.
Count us in: the role of schools and colleges in meeting the mental health needs of young people with learning disabilities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In December 2002, the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities' Committee of Inquiry into the mental health needs of young people with learning disabilities produced its report.
Barry Carpenter, Chief Executive at Sunfield and Chair of the committee, and Hazel Morgan, head of the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, take this opportunity to share some insights into the workings of the committee and summarise the key findings. The committee drew evidence from a range of sources, but placed the voices and experiences of young people with learning disabilities at the centre of their proceedings. The committee's findings and recommendations were wide ranging and will have far-reaching implications, but there are immediate messages that schools and colleges should hear. It is upon these messages, taking account of pastoral provision, the curriculum, transition and inter-agency work, that Barry Carpenter and Hazel Morgan focus in this article. 相似文献
Barry Carpenter, Chief Executive at Sunfield and Chair of the committee, and Hazel Morgan, head of the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, take this opportunity to share some insights into the workings of the committee and summarise the key findings. The committee drew evidence from a range of sources, but placed the voices and experiences of young people with learning disabilities at the centre of their proceedings. The committee's findings and recommendations were wide ranging and will have far-reaching implications, but there are immediate messages that schools and colleges should hear. It is upon these messages, taking account of pastoral provision, the curriculum, transition and inter-agency work, that Barry Carpenter and Hazel Morgan focus in this article. 相似文献
37.
38.
While a vast literature exists on students and their learning, work on lecturers and their teaching continues to lag some
way behind. This paper explores the notion that the complexity of Higher Education (HE) today significantly impacts upon what
goes on in the classroom through a two-tiered study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore lecturers’ perceptions
and experiences of teaching a specific module. Interviewees raised issues pertaining to the wider departmental, institutional
and socio-political context. Consequently, focus groups were run with key people in the University to explore their perceptions
of teaching and learning within the current HE climate. The findings suggest that lecturers perceive numerous external factors
to impinge upon their teaching and attempt to militate against these in various ways in order to achieve ongoing enhancement
of learning for students.
相似文献
Susan J. LeaEmail: |
39.
Susan R. Goldman M. Anne Britt Willard Brown Gayle Cribb MariAnne George Cynthia Greenleaf 《教育心理学家》2016,51(2):219-246
This article presents a framework and methodology for designing learning goals targeted at what students need to know and be able to do in order to attain high levels of literacy and achievement in three disciplinary areas—literature, science, and history. For each discipline, a team of researchers, teachers, and specialists in that discipline engaged in conceptual meta-analysis of theory and research on the reading, reasoning, and inquiry practices exhibited by disciplinary experts as contrasted with novices. Each team identified discipline-specific clusters of types of knowledge. Across teams, the clusters for each discipline were grouped into 5 higher order categories of core constructs: (a) epistemology; (b) inquiry practices/strategies of reasoning; (c) overarching concepts, themes, and frameworks; (d) forms of information representation/types of texts; and (e) discourse and language structures. The substance of the clusters gave rise to discipline-specific goals and tasks involved in reading across multiple texts, as well as reading, reasoning, and argumentation practices tailored to discipline-specific criteria for evidence-based knowledge claims. The framework of constructs and processes provides a valuable tool for researchers and classroom teachers' (re)conceptualizations of literacy and argumentation learning goals in their specific disciplines. 相似文献
40.
Susan M Markle 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1992,23(3):222-227
The emotional and intellectual advantages claimed for teaching by discovery have a long history, but actual designs for instructional environments in which discovery learning is facilitated are still all too rare. Contrary to many people's assumptions, the Socratic dialogues show no evidence of discovery-based learning, nor are they even examples of good questioning technique. Those who work with hypertext need to give deep thought to what it means to discover while being told. 相似文献