Neighborhood disadvantage: pathways of effects for young children

The present study used Canadian National Longitudinal data to examine a model of the mechanisms through which the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions impact young children's verbal and behavioral outcomes (N= 3,528; M age = 5.05 years, SD= 0.86). Integrating elements of social disorganization theory and family stress models, and results from structural equation models suggest that both neighborhood and family mechanisms played an important role in the transmission of neighborhood socioeconomic effects. Neighborhood disadvantage manifested its effect via lower neighborhood cohesion, which was associated with maternal depression and family dysfunction. These processes were, in turn, related to less consistent, less stimulating, and more punitive parenting behaviors, and ultimately, poorer child outcomes.     

The dissertation examination: identifying critical factors in the success of Indigenous Australian doctoral students

Indigenous Australians represent 2.2% of the working age population, yet account for only 1.4% of all university enrolments. In relation to higher degree research students, Indigenous Australians account for 1.1% of enrolments, but only 0.8% of all higher degree research completions. This paper reports on findings that emerged from an Australian Research Council-funded study which aimed to establish a model of best practice for the supervision of Indigenous doctoral students. The project identified the dissertation examination as one of the critical factors underpinning the success of doctoral candidates. Whilst research into the examination process for doctoral students is limited, the research that specifically explores the examination of dissertations submitted by Indigenous students is entirely inadequate. Our research identified key epistemological concerns that impact approaches to the examination process, to demonstrate how the dominance of Western methods of research impact the examination process for Indigenous doctoral students. This paper explores the experiences of 50 successful Indigenous Australian doctors with a specific focus on their examiner preference and disciplinary requirements. It highlights the limitations that some Indigenous students and their supervisors experience in finding an appropriate examiner.     

Women and Leadership in Higher Education in Australia

Senior academic women inAustralian Universities, as elsewhere, continueto experience both direct and indirectdiscrimination, with the narrow white Anglo-Celticmale management profile is a factor in thisdiscrimination. While higher education remainsa hostile work environment for senior academicwomen their participation rates are unlikely toincrease. This article explores the barriersthat senior academic women experience. It thenexamines whether or not diversity managementprogrammes might provide a useful managementtool to increase the participation of seniorwomen in higher education. If diversitymanagement can impact on the managementculture, more senior women may remain inuniversities and thereby impact on that culture.     

Zones of interaction: Differential access to elementary science discourse

This study investigated teacher–child interaction within small‐group science activities in a fourth‐grade classroom. This qualitative study revealed three “zones of interaction,” or teacher–child interaction categories: Individual Zones of Interaction, Multiple Zones of Interaction, and a Collective Zone of Interaction. Each zone was further shaped by either a procedural, conceptual, or managerial focus for the interaction. These zones granted children differential levels of access to the teacher's knowledge. Based on these data and findings, we propose a discourse model for elementary science classrooms that encompasses talk, materials, knowledge, engagement, and power. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 443–466, 2006     

捍卫科学——在理性的范围内

对科学的下述两种态度是不正确的，应该受到批判：一种是所谓的“旧尊崇主义”，即对科学采取无批判的尊崇；另一种是所谓的“新犬儒哲学”，即各种后现代思潮对科学的责难、批评和否定。关于科学，我们应该坚持“批判的常识主义”，其要点是：科学既是一件理性的事业，也是一件社会的事业，由此派生出科学的诸多特点以及对科学应该采取的态度。     

Action,an ‘encompassing ethic’ and academics in the midst of the climate crisis

In the midst of a crisis like the climate crisis and calls for ‘all hands on deck’, what do academics, as a microcosm of humanity, see? In Hannah Arendt’s terms, an ‘abyss of freedom’ to act or a paralysing ‘abyss of nothingness’? Some from the academy themselves, including Tamboukou, Apple and Bourdieu, make judgements more akin to the latter and mount arguments to urge action. This paper joins their call and theorises ethical and demonstrably plausible resources as a potentially generative heuristic for political action by academics in the face of ‘dark times’. I develop these resources by initially drawing on Arendt’s ethical, but limited, action process. Then, through interpreting and expanding her unfinished theory of judging and echoing Karl Jaspers' concept The Encompassing, I propose the notion of an ‘encompassing ethic’. This ethic, synthesised with Arendt’s action process, ameliorates action’s limitations and suggests the idea of ‘encompassing action’. The paper concludes by bringing these conceptual resources to life through two inspiring historical examples of such action involving academics.     

Learning to Cook: Production Learning Environment in Kitchens

Learning in workplaces is neither ad hoc nor informal. Such labels are a misnomer and do not do justice to the highly-structured nature and complexity of many workplaces where learning takes place. This article discusses the organisational and structural framework developed from a three-year doctoral study into how apprentice chefs construct their knowledge and skill in moving from a novice to a more experienced chef. The processes of knowledge and skill construction were as much aided by the indirect guidance of the production environments of the kitchens as by the direct guidance of the chefs. It is through the space, tempo, routines, hierarchy and workflow of a kitchen, comprising the organisational and structural framework, that many of the opportunities to construct knowledge and skill reside for the apprentices.     

A Model of Maternal and Paternal Ethnic Socialization of Mexican‐American Adolescents’ Self‐Views

Data from a sample of 462 Mexican‐American adolescents (M = 10.4 years, SD = .55; 48.1% girls), mothers, and fathers were used to test an ethnic socialization model of ethnic identity and self‐efficacy that also considered mainstream parenting styles (e.g., authoritative parenting). Findings supported the ethnic socialization model: parents’ endorsement of Mexican‐American values were associated with ethnic socialization at fifth grade and seventh grade; maternal ethnic socialization at fifth grade and paternal ethnic socialization at seventh grade were associated with adolescents’ ethnic identity exploration at 10th grade and, in turn, self‐efficacy at 12th grade. The findings support ethnic socialization conceptions of how self‐views of ethnicity develop from childhood across adolescence in Mexican‐American children.     

A longitudinal analysis of the alignment between children’s early word-level reading trajectories,teachers’ reported concerns and supports provided

Reading and Writing - In this longitudinal study, the word-level reading trajectories of 118 children were tracked alongside teachers’ reported concerns and types of support provided through...