教育与经济增长

本文首先回顾了近年来关于经济增长影响因素的文献,特别探讨了教育在其中的作用。然后,估计了一个关于增长的综合模型,并就其稳健性进行了跨国检验。最后,据此得出了政策性建议。     

如何为孩子制定有效的行为准则——推荐《做称职的父母》

这是一本教您怎样才能尽到父母应尽的责任的书,本刊摘编其中一章,希望通过讲述如何为孩子制定行为准则的观点,在家教实践方面给予您一定的启示。     

General population norms about child abuse and neglect and associations with childhood experiences

BACKGROUND: A variety of definitions of child abuse and neglect exist. However, little is known about norms in the general population as to what constitutes child abuse and neglect or how perceived norms may be related to personal experiences. METHODS: We conducted a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 504 Washington State adults. Respondents were asked whether they believed each of 34 behaviors, identified in focus groups as possibly physically, sexually or emotionally abusive or neglectful, constituted abuse or neglect. Then, they were asked whether they had experienced 33 of the behaviors. RESULTS: Five of the six behaviors with the highest levels of consensus were for sexual abuse, whereas only one emotionally abusive behavior had a high level of consensus (95% agreement). Consensus that spanking constituted abuse increased with severity. Those respondents who reported experiencing a particular behavior were significantly less likely to believe the behavior abusive for 11 of the 33 behaviors and more likely to believe the behavior abusive for two of the behaviors. Where comparisons were possible, there was a high level of consensus that behaviors identified as abusive in Child Protective Service operational definitions constituted abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported childhood experiences were associated with perceived norms about child abuse. A better understanding of community norms about child abuse and neglect may be helpful in communicating with the public or allow for better targeting of educational messages through the media, parenting education classes, and so forth.     

“亲爱的读者”和“无聊的作者”——乔伊斯在《为芬尼根守灵》中对读者的直呼

自中世纪以来没有一部重要文学作品象乔伊斯的《为芬尼根守灵》(以下简称《守灵》译者注)那样令读者望而却步.意识到理解该书文本的难度,乔伊斯希望并真诚期待苦于理想失眠症的理想读者愿意拿出足够的时间来欣赏本书关大脑在夜间的活动情况(正如《尤里西斯》把注意力放在白大的意识流上一样).与十八世纪小说家如出一辙,乔伊斯在《守灵》中频频直呼其读者——建议、哄骗、嘲弄这些忙忙碌碌的失眠者.这是该书获得较少注意的重要方面.从整体上看,乔伊斯与读者的对话象是一本有趣的善意的阅读指南,对《守     

键级和化合价的分子轨道理论

本文译自美国《Journal of chemical Education》1988年第8期.作者简介了密立根布居数分析法,并以此为基础讨论了键级和化合价,应用了别致的原子轨道线性组合分子轨道理论(LCAO—MO)的矩阵公式.最后给出了一些简单分子的计算结果,以说明这个理论的应用.     

Perceptions and knowledge of preservice and inservice teachers about early literacy instruction

A major conclusion from the last decade of research on children with poor reading performance is that early, systematic instruction in phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondences improves early reading and spelling skills and results in a reduction of the number of students who are reading below grade level. To teach reading to at-risk students and students with learning disabilities, teachers need to have positive perceptions regarding the role of systematic, explicit instruction, as well as knowledge of English language structure. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions and knowledge of general educators at two professional levels toward early literacy instruction for students at risk for reading failure. Unfortunately, our findings are similar to those obtained by Moats in 1994: Many general education teachers, at both preservice and inservice levels, are not prepared adequately for this challenging task.     

史努比

~~史努比@查尔斯·M·舒尔茨(charles M.Schulz)     

心路历程--单词

Welcome to our eleventh column. It is said that when Confucius was asked what his first deed would be if he were to be made Emperor of China, he replied, "I would re-establish the precise meaning of words."Our lives are filled with words. These are the wordswe read, the words we speak, and the words we listen to or try not tolisten to.Words govern our lives.