“双减”背景下科技馆的馆校结合新发展——基于内容分析法研究

“双减”时代的到来,为馆校结合带来了新的机遇与挑战,馆校结合也成为“双减”政策有效的实施手段。科技馆如何在“双减”背景下运用创新性方法开展馆校结合工作?本研究提取文件《关于利用科普资源助推“双减”工作的通知》的关键词作为调查重点,通过选取不同地区12座科技馆(或全国科普教育基地)作为研究样本,采用内容分析法,对其在“双减”期间开展的馆校结合活动案例及数据进行分析,从而呈现“双减”政策支持下的馆校结合新发展现状;从中发现馆校结合还存在各地区研学活动研发水平差异较大、馆校结合课后服务有所欠缺、馆校之间缺乏人才交流等问题,并针对以上问题逐一进行对策研究。     

数学建模与素质教育

数学建模是建立数学模型的缩略表示,是对在科学技术、经济管理、生产实际等现实生活中所遇到的实际问题,利用数学的思想、方法、知识来解决的过程.     

初中生物教学要渗透人文精神

初中生物课程在人文精神的培养方面具有独特的价值.与物理、化学等其他自然科学相比,更具人文性.以往的生物教学,往往只注重生物知识的传授,就结构讲结构,就标本讲标本,却忽视了其人文教育功能.在初中生物教学中渗透人文精神有哪些突出作用呢?如何将人文精神渗透到教学中呢?本文拟就这两个问题作点探讨.     

华县东阳西周墓地结构研究

东阳西周墓地可划分为不同族属的两类四个墓区,包含殷遗民与东阳主体族群,后者可能原为活动于甘肃东部地区的西土古族,或因灭商有功,于周初改封畿内,并被分赐以殷遗民.墓地内的墓葬按族属、等级分墓区而葬,表明血缘关系是其社会组织的基础,族群内与族群间的等级差异又体现了宗法等级制度及族群关系的政治等级化.其统治族群结合殷遗民的族...     

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes

The purpose of this study was to examine CHO ingestion on a cognitive task using a field-simulated time-trial (TT) under hypoxia in well-trained triathletes. Ten male triathletes (age: 22.1 ± 1.1 years; VO₂max: 59.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) participated in this double-blind/crossover/counter-balanced design study. Participants completed 3 TT trials: 1) normoxic placebo (NPLA; FiO₂ = 20.9%), 2) hypoxic placebo (HPLA; FiO₂ = 16.3%), and 3) hypoxic CHO (HCHO; 6% CHO provided as 2 ml/kg/15 min; FiO₂ = 16.3%). During the TT, physiological responses (SpO₂, HR, RPE, and blood glucose/lactate), cognitive performance, and cerebral haemodynamics were measured. Hypoxia reduced TT performance by ~3.5–4% (p < 0.05), but CHO did not affect TT performance under hypoxia. For the cognitive task, CHO slightly preserved exercise-induced cognitive reaction speed but did not affect response accuracy during hypoxic exercise. However, CHO did not preserve the decreased Hb-Diff (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and increased HHb in the prefrontal lobe (p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, and CHO failed to preserve hypoxia-suppressed prefrontal CBF and tissue oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CHO is effective in sustaining reaction speed for a cognitive task but not promoting TT performance during hypoxic exercise, which would be important for strategy-/decision-making when athletes compete at moderate high-altitude.     

社团自治视域下中国足协引援调节费制度的省思

基于限制俱乐部在转会市场上频繁高价引援的初衷,中国足协出台了引援调节费制度。为了探究引援调节费制度的合法性和合理性,通过比较研究法、历史研究法等,围绕规则制定的主体、程序以及引援调节费的性质等方面对引援调节费制度进行了分析。从程序和实体两方面来检视引援调节费制度,可以发现该规则的设计缺乏自洽性,文件的制定背离了程序正义,制度的出台也违背比例原则的要求。从社团自治的视角出发,在法治思维下探索适合本土职业足球发展的规则体系,提出：中国足协要增强规则设计的自洽性,制定程序应当凸显社团自治,要尊重职业联赛发展的规律。     

短道速滑个人项目体力分配策略研究

目的：探析短道速滑个人项目两届冬奥会及冬奥会与世锦赛体力分配策略规律差异。方法：收集整理索契、平昌冬奥会,以及2014—2017年世锦赛短道速滑个人项目相关数据,分析单圈用时、肯德尔相关系数。结果：（1）冬奥会各单项单圈用时不同程度地少于世锦赛,平昌不同程度地少于索契;（2）除2016世锦赛500 m,其他赛事均全程具有显著相关（P＜0.05）;（3）除索契冬奥会女子1 000 m,其他赛事均较早出现显著相关（P＜0.05）,平昌冬奥会男子与女子均在第7、8圈为高相关（r≥0.70）;（4）平昌冬奥会1 500 m男子第12、13圈,女子第13圈为高相关（r≥0.70）,两者均从第9圈开始出现显著相关（P＜0.05）。结论：500 m出发位置尤为重要,高速滑行中稳固站位能力需求突出,冬奥会中对全程维持速度能力的要求逐步提高;冬奥会1 000 m与1 500 m比赛争夺有利位置战术的实施位置较以往更为靠后。     

中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益量表编制报告

目的：针对现今体育锻炼心理效益评价工具存在的问题,以积极心理学理论为指导,初步编制一个科学而有针对性的评价中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益量表。方法：根据量表的内容框架,结合专家访谈和体育锻炼具体情境,经开放性测试和出声思维测试,形成了中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益量表初稿。抽取900多名被试进行问卷的预测试,再通过项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,形成正式量表。结果：（1）《中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益量表》共由60项目组成,由人际关系、自我认知、适应能力、情绪体验、道德素养和人格品质六个分量表构成;（2）量表的克隆巴赫α信度系数总量表为0.944,分量表的信度系数都在0.75以上。量表的信度良好,结构与数据拟合较好,符合心理学测验要求。结论：《中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益量表》共有六个分量表和60题项组成,量表具有可靠的信效度,是评价我国中学生体育锻炼积极心理效益的一个有效测量工具。     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

面向学科新兴主题探测的多源科技文献时滞计算及启示——以农业学科领域为例

为探究面向学科新兴主题探测领域多源科技文献融合过程中的时滞性问题,本文设计了多源科技文献时滞计算方案。首先,从获取的4种科技文献数据集中提取学科主题,计算学科主题间的相似度,构建相似矩阵;其次,基于匈牙利最优匹配算法寻求相似度损耗最小条件下的最优组合;最后,构建线性方程模型并拟合计算时滞程度。本文以2009-2016年农业学科领域337790篇摘要文本为实验数据,抽取基金项目文本学科主题为250个、专利文献为260个、期刊论文为260个、会议论文为240个,利用上述多源科技文献时滞计算方案实验。结果表明:期刊论文滞后于基金项目文本和会议论文1年,专利文献滞后于期刊论文1年,结合以往对不同学科领域数据的研究结果,验证了多源科技文献时滞计算方案的可行性和有效性,同时也为多源科技文献融合策略的制定提供新思路。