Genomic diversity and post-admixture adaptation in the Uyghurs

Population admixture results in genome-wide combinations of genetic variants derived from different ancestral populations of distinct ancestry, thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in humans. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 92 individuals with high coverage (30–60×) to systematically investigate genomic diversity in the Uyghurs living in Xinjiang, China (XJU), an admixed population of both European-like and East-Asian-like ancestry. The XJU population shows greater genetic diversity, especially a higher proportion of rare variants, compared with their ancestral source populations, corresponding to greater phenotypic diversity of XJU. Admixture-induced functional variants in EDAR were associated with the diversity of facial morphology in XJU. Interestingly, the interaction of functional variants between SLC24A5 and OCA2 likely influences the diversity of skin pigmentation. Notably, selection has seemingly been relaxed or canceled in several genes with significantly biased ancestry, such as HERC2–OCA2. Moreover, signatures of post-admixture adaptation in XJU were identified, including genes related to metabolism (e.g. CYP2D6), digestion (e.g. COL11A1), olfactory perception (e.g. ANO2) and immunity (e.g. HLA). Our results demonstrated population admixture as a driving force, locally or globally, in shaping human genetic and phenotypic diversity as well as in adaptive evolution.     

对中国档案学理论原创性研究的思考

本文就中国档案学理论原创性研究的内涵和意义、中国档案学理论原创性研究判断的理论标准和实践标准、中国档案学理论原创性研究不足的原因以及如何增强中国档案学理论研究的原创性问题谈了个人认识。     

电子政务环境下档案资源整合与共享之瓶颈分析

一、档案信息资源管理瓶颈 1、档案资源的质量难以控制.从档案信息资源管理与档案信息服务的目标来说,要实现档案资源的整合与共享,档案部门面临着一个如何对所拥有的大量档案信息资源进行有机整合,建构高质量的档案信息资源库,以充分满足各种用户对档案资源质和量上的需求的问题.然而,这并非易事.一方面,就目前的情况来看,我国大部分公共档案馆馆藏结构十分单一,政府部门的文书档案占了很大的比例,而其他类型的档案少之又少,特别是某些特色档案更是缺乏.另一方面,档案资源与其他社会信息资源相比,有着机密性的特点,有一大部分档案因为涉及到国家集体的秘密而不能轻易地在网上公布,必须履行一定的手续,超过一定的期限才可以公之于众,而事实上,等到这些档案过了保密期之后,其所载信息往往已经过时滞后,无法满足公众的现时需要.因此,如何处理这一问题,尽量消除档案信息的供求矛盾,也是当前档案资源整合与共享中的一个难题.     

可持续发展与民营院校图书馆

阐述了可持续发展的内涵，强调了科教兴国战略对可持续发展的重要作用。并在肯定民营院校及其图书馆的主流作用的基础上，针贬了其与可持续发展战略严重背离的种种现象，最后提出了相应的对策。     

Children's motivation in elementary physical education: an expectancy-value model of achievement choice

This study examined children's motivation in elementary physical education within an expectancy-value model developed by Eccles and her colleagues. Four hundred fourteen students in second and fourth grades completed questionnaires assessing their expectancy-related beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future participation in physical education. Results indicated that expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values were clearly distinguishable from one another across physical education and throwing. The two constructs were related to each other positively. Children's intention for future participation in physical education was positively associated with their subjective task values and/or expectancy-related beliefs. Younger children had higher motivation for learning in physical education than older children. Gender differences emerged and the findings provided empirical evidence supporting the validity of the expectancy-value model in elementary physical education.     

档案职业伦理刍议

职业伦理是一种特殊的社会意识形态,对于职业的生存与发展有着特殊的意义。档案职业的基本伦理原则包括求实保真原则、主动服务原则与尊重权益原则三个方面的内容。档案职业伦理建设是档案职业的一项重要的生存之策,文章就有关方面作了论述。     

论搜寻引擎以程式在网路上自动抓取资料时可能面临之法律问题及其解决之道

搜寻引擎必须以crawler程式（又称spider程式）来自动抓取网页并建立索引，如果crawler程式仅仅循着网页所提供的超连结来搜寻网页并抓取内容，称为一般性的crawler程式；如果不论网页是否提供超连结，crawler程式会自行计算并找到网页的所有内容并加以抓取，此种crawler则称为深度crawler。而crawler抓取网页内容的步骤可以细分为「取得资料」及「储存并建立索引」二大步骤。在「取得资料」阶段中，深度crawler虽然是自行透过演算法来取得网页的所有内容，但本文认为仍不至于构成非法存取（unauthorized　access）。此外，不论是一般的crawler或是深度crawler，如果取得网页内容时会耗费网站资源而干扰网站的正常运作，就可能构成如美国eBay案中讨论的财产侵害（trespass　to chattel）。在「储存并建立索引」阶段中，原则上应该不会侵害网页拥有者之重制权。然而，有些搜寻引擎（例如Google）将其取得的内容以「库存页面」（cache）的方式允许使用者存取，此时即有争议发生。但本文以为，由于搜寻引擎的主要目的是在使网路使用者更容易接触网页，所以此种「重制」与「散布」行为原则上应有著作权法「合理使用」原则的适用，故不会构成侵害著作权，但仍应考虑搜寻引擎与原网站之间是否处于竞争关系，以及所抓取之资料量占原网站之比例等因素综合判断。要解决搜寻引擎与网站间可能发生的法律争议，除可以强化现行的robot　exclusion标准外，网站也可以考虑增强自动过滤crawler的功能，以杜绝争议。     

中国数据库产业的现状与发展

ＣＬＡＳＳＮＵＭＢＥＲＧ２５８．９４当前,信息高速公路建设热潮席卷全球。信息高速公路即“国家信息基础设施”（ＮＩ）,包括信息设备、信息资源、通信网络和人才资源四个方面。通俗地讲,就是人、机、网、库四个要素。其中,信息资源（数据库是最主要的组成部分）是...     

女子自行车运动训练原则与方法的研究

本文就河南女子自行车队的成功经验,对女子自行车运动的训练原则与方法进行了探讨。