Optimal velocity functions for car-following models

The integral part of the optimal velocity car-following models is the optimal velocity function （OVF）, which can be derived from measured velocity-spacing data. This paper discusses several characteristics of the OVF and presents regression analysis on two classical datasets, the Lincoln and Holland tunnels, with different possible OVFs. The numerical simulation of the formation of traffic congestion is conducted with three different heuristic OVFs, demonstrating that these functions give results similar to those of the famous Bando OVF （Bando et al., 1995）. Also an alternative method is present for determining the sensitivity and model parameters based on a single car driving to a fixed barrier.     

Mathematics in Early Childhood: Research-Based Rationale and Practical Strategies

Mathematics education is a critical part of the curriculum for students worldwide. The foundation for understanding mathematical concepts related to number sense begins early in life, and early childhood classrooms can provide the seeds for mathematical skills that will be needed later in life. In this article, the authors make a case for meaningful and developmentally appropriate mathematics experiences for young children in diverse early learning settings. Instructional and curricular methods inspired by the Reggio Emilia Approach are described as effective ways to teach number concepts to young children from preschool through primary age. Strategies for teachers of young learners are presented in order to strengthen the mathematics curriculum in contemporary early learning settings. The authors’ analysis and recommendations are informed by their extensive experiences including studies in Reggio Emilia early childhood settings (infant toddler, preschool, and primary schools) and their work in early childhood teacher education at their respective universities.     

Zoopharmacognosy

The study of parasites and their likely influence on optimal foraging and mate-selection in animals has attracted much attention in recent times. The possible effects of parasites on the host include the manipulation of host behaviour by parasites and the emergence of host behavioural adaptations for protecting against parasitism. Self-medication in wild animals is believed to be the behavioural adaptation evolved primarily against parasites and associated diseases. In this article, we have briefly reviewed some types of unusual behaviour observed inmammals, birds and insectswhich can be considered as self-medication. Rajasekar Raman is a PhD student in the Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, Madurai Kamaraj University. His research interests include behavioural ecology and conservation of bats. Presently he is studying the roosting ecology of the tentmaking fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Sripathi Kandula is a Professor in Neurophysiology, Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University. His research interests are in the fileds of echolocation, social organization, mating system, population genetics and conservation of bats.     

Evaluating students’ perceptions and attitudes toward computer-mediated project-based learning environment: A case study

This research investigated 68 secondary school students’ perceptions of their computer-mediated project-based learning environment and their attitudes towards Project Work (PW) using two instruments—Project Work Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire (PWCLEQ) and Project Work Related Attitudes Instrument (PWRAI). In this project-based learning environment, students experienced a face-to-face classroom setting and e-learning by using a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) tool called ‘iCollaborate’ for online communication and project collaboration with peers from other countries. The PWCLEQ and PWRAI instruments were used to evaluate the computer-mediated project-based learning environment using students’ perceptions of the learning environment and to further investigate how their perceptions might affect their attitudes towards PW lessons. Students perceived the computer-mediated project-based learning environment favourably but they preferred to experience more Material Environment and more Open-Endedness and Social Presence. Simple correlation analysis revealed that all environment dimensions were significantly and positively related to the students’ attitudes towards PW, while multiple regression analysis indicated that two scales, Instructor Support and Social Presence, were the strongest predictors of attitudes towards PW lessons.     

大学生人文关怀和心理疏导

高校是现代化建设人才培养的摇篮,除了塑造高素质技能外,还应该对学生进行人文关怀和心理疏导。近几年大学校园发生的一些案件,使大学生的心理承受能力和耐压能力越来越受到关注,如何能在获得知识的同时拥有一个健康的心理,是当代大学教育的一个重要问题。新世纪,大学生的人文关怀和心理疏导变得更加的迫切。     

当代大学生考试心理分析及对策

考试心理教育是大学生心理健康教育的重要组成部分,是大学生健康成长的保证。当代大学生考试焦虑、考试作弊现象严重,极大地影响了大学生的健康成长和大学教育质量的提高。针对当代大学生的成长环境和教育环境,对大学生的考试焦虑心理及考试作弊心理进行了分析,并提出了对策,有效减少了考试焦虑现象及考试作弊行为。     

自制的降压型晶体管开关电源

使用常用的与非门电路和双极性晶体管来制作开关电源.用14011B构成PWM方波电路,通过控制双极性晶体管的开断,把高的电信号转换成开关信号,通过近似无损耗的滤波,得到降低了的电源.利用负反馈,提高了输出电压的精度,抑制了电源纹波.     

理科生轻视语文学习不可取

语文不仅是学好其他学科的基础,而且与人们的生活、工作紧密相连。然而,当前高中学生,尤其是理科生的语文学习现状令人堪忧。笔者结合近年来的教学实践和调查思考,谈谈对此问题的一些看法,并探讨了如何改变这一现象。