Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of topics

The purpose of this study is to find a theoretically grounded, practically applicable and useful granularity level of an algorithmically constructed publication-level classification of research publications (ACPLC). The level addressed is the level of research topics. The methodology we propose uses synthesis papers and their reference articles to construct a baseline classification. A dataset of about 31 million publications, and their mutual citations relations, is used to obtain several ACPLCs of different granularity. Each ACPLC is compared to the baseline classification and the best performing ACPLC is identified. The results of two case studies show that the topics of the cases are closely associated with different classes of the identified ACPLC, and that these classes tend to treat only one topic. Further, the class size variation is moderate, and only a small proportion of the publications belong to very small classes. For these reasons, we conclude that the proposed methodology is suitable to determine the topic granularity level of an ACPLC and that the ACPLC identified by this methodology is useful for bibliometric analyses.     

Recent progress in reactivity study and synthetic application of N-heterocyclic phosphorus hydrides

N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) have recently emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions, owing to their unique hydridic reactivity. The excellent hydricity of NHPs, which rivals or even exceeds those of many metal-based hydrides, is the result of hyperconjugative interactions between the lone-pair electrons on N atoms and the adjacent σ^*(P–H) orbital. Compared with the conventional protic reactivity of phosphines, this umpolung P–H reactivity leads to hydridic selectivity in NHP-mediated reductions. This reactivity has therefore found many applications in the catalytic reduction of polar unsaturated bonds and in the hydroboration of pyridines. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of the reactivity and synthetic applications of these phosphorus-based hydrides, with the aim of providing practical information to enable exploitation of their synthetically useful chemistry.     

当代青年爱国主义教育的时代内涵和路径选择

不同时代爱国主义有不同的内涵。在新时代,开展青年爱国主义教育要坚持爱党、爱国、爱社会主义相统一,坚定维护祖国统一和民族团结,尊重和传承中华民族历史和文化,坚持立足中国、面向世界。要增强青年对国家的理性认知与情感认同,强化青年的国家意识、政治认同和责任担当,努力构建国家、社会、学校、家庭和个人“五位一体”的教育模式,推动形成教育合力,进一步焕发青年爱国主义的时代价值。     

我国图书馆学研究热点分析（2016—2020）

为分析近5年我国图书馆学的研究热点,为图书馆学者提供参考和借鉴,本文选取CNKI收录的从2016-2020年的9种图书馆学领域核心期刊作为数据来源,通过提取期刊论文关键词,统计关键词出现频次,借用Excel确定高频关键词,构建关键词共词矩阵,借用Netdraw软件对共词进行社会网络分析,揭示近5年图书馆学领域的研究热点：图书馆学视角下的基础理论研究、图书馆阅读推广研究、图书馆联盟、图书馆服务和数字人文。     

社区老年人跌倒风险评估工具的研究及应用

老年人跌倒是社区常见的意外伤害安全问题,可能造成严重后果和巨大的社会、经济负担。老年人跌倒是内、外多重因素交互影响作用的结果,多由潜在风险引发。社区是老年人日常生活与活动的主要场所,通过科学的评估方法尽早识别存在跌倒风险的社区老年人对于预防老年人跌倒发生具有重要意义。通过对国内外常用的社区老年人跌倒风险评估工具,包括跌倒相关身体功能能力、跌倒相关心理因素、跌倒综合评估以及跌倒风险评估的新趋势等方面进行综述和展望,为社区老年人跌倒风险的评估提供理论依据,也为未来开发适合我国社区老年人群的跌倒风险评估工具提供参考借鉴。     

教育扶贫瞄准偏差与治理路径探究——基于政府行为视角分析

教育扶贫瞄准偏差即教育扶贫对象识别以及教育扶贫资源投放所存在的偏颇和误差。目前,教育扶贫对象识别、教育扶贫项目设计以及教育扶贫经费使用等都存在一定的瞄准偏差。政府作为我国教育扶贫主体的首席,其"经济人"特质和"委托—代理"行为方式构成了教育扶贫瞄准偏差的两个重要变量。因此,基于政府行为视角治理教育扶贫瞄准偏差,一方面,需要完善激励机制以实现各级政府在教育扶贫过程中的目标兼容,激发各级政府治理教育扶贫瞄准偏差的动力;另一方面,构建政府主导、多方参与的教育扶贫主体体系,提高政府治理教育扶贫瞄准偏差的能力。     

Validation of the elementary social behaviour assessment: teacher ratings of students’ social skills adapted to Norwegian,grades 1–6

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Elementary Social Behaviour Assessment (ESBA), a teacher-report measure of students’ social skills and academic engagement adapted for use in Norwegian schools. At two times, 8 weeks apart, 151 teachers rated 793 students in Grades 1–6 on the ESBA and the Social Skills Rating System Teacher’s form (SSRS-T). Exploratory factor analysis with the first assessment suggested one or possibly two factors. Confirmatory factor analysis with the second assessment confirmed the one- or two-factor models but did not offer strong evidence for one over the other. The ESBA demonstrated good to excellent reliability. Strong concurrent and predictive correlations with the SSRS-T established criterion validity. The school and teacher levels explained only a limited amount of the total variance in ESBA scores, suggesting that teachers rate students quite similarly. The Norwegian-adapted ESBA paralleled the reliability and validity evidence from US samples.     

教育均衡视域下中小学校长信息素养提升研究——以“三区三州”培训为例

“互联网+教育”是推动教育变革的有效手段之一,通过互联网可促进优质教育资源均衡发展,有利于实现区域基础教育的均衡发展,但这要求中小学校长要具备较高的信息素养和综合应用信息技术进行学校管理的能力。开展相关培训是提升中小学校长信息素养的一种有效方式,基于对“三区三州”中小学校长信息素养的调查分析,通过基于设计的研究活动,开展云南怒江州、四川凉山州中小学校长信息素养提升研究。遵循可适性、设计性、调节性和总结性原则,构建了中小校长信息素养提升模式整体架构,以期为今后的中小学校长信息素养提升培训提供参考,助力区域教育信息化均衡发展。     

科学观的“涨落”与教育管理领域的发展

自泰勒时代，理论运动发展至今，教育管理理论科学观一直处于“涨落”的状态，科学观决定了在教育管理中研究领域的范围，并影响了研究范式的采用。走出当代教育管理领域理论范式之争的混乱局面应当从转变科学观开始。     

面向就业的美国职业群课程模式探析

美国职业群课程模式以经济发展和就业需求为本，旨在培养学生的就业弹性和职业适应能力。实现其终身职业生涯发展。它以职业群分类和职业途径为依据，构建有序的课程体系。在实施过程中注重为学生制定系统的学习计划、加强职业指导服务和广泛建立合作伙伴，并逐渐开展了基于职业技能标准的课程评估。当前，职业群课程模式在联邦和州政府的管理和支持下得到了普及和推广，但也存在一些亟待克服的困难和问题。