A Study of the Decision-Making Behaviours of Turkish Adolescents

The research reported in this paper aimed to examine the relationships between decision-making behaviours, self-esteem, and the perceived problem-solving skills of adolescents and to investigate the contributions of self-esteem and perceived problem-solving skills in predicting decision-making behaviours (decision response styles, decisional self-esteem, and decisional stress). Another aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the decision-making behaviours of adolescents considering gender and school type. For this purpose, Decision Behaviour Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Inventory, and Problem-Solving Inventory were administered to 511 adolescents (276 females and 235 males) in Turkish high schools. The findings revealed that decisional behaviours were positively correlated with self-esteem and problem solving. At the same time, self-esteem (general, social, academic, and home/family) and problem-solving were significant predictors of decisional behaviours. There were significant differences in decisional behaviours according to gender and type of school.     

国外教师教学决策的比较研究及启示

合理的教学决策是有效教学的前提。不同专业发展阶段的教师在教学计划决策、互动性教学决策和反思性教学决策三方面存在着决策维度、决策焦点和决策模式的差异。现有研究表明,新手教师成长为卓越教师,除了教学经验的不断丰富之外,更重要的是要增强教师的课程意识和课程决策能力,提高教师对教学决策的反思批判水平。对这一问题的后续研究需要增加有经验教师和专家教师的教学决策比较,实现从认知理性到生态理性的研究转换,以更好地指导教师专业发展的实践。     

建立广东省水文信息管理决策支持系统的方法探讨

以广东省水文信息管理决策支持系统为例,提出了基于数据分析和信息管理的综合应用“3S”空间信息技术的水文信息管理决策支持系统设计思想和流程。讨论了系统的数据分析模型和数据库的建立方法,并对水文信息管理决策支持系统的实现、应用效果和特点作了简要分析。     

物流配送系统干扰管理决策方法研究

针对物流配送系统中车辆由于干扰事件而产生的时间延迟问题,应将时间延迟按阶段划分,从物流供应商和客户两个主体角度,探讨对时问延迟事件的偏离成本,形成处理时间延迟干扰问题的序贯决策方法。     

Methodological individualism,educational administration,and leadership

There are two major categories of explanation for organisational performance: structural and individual. With the shift away from systems-theoretic accounts that occurred in the 1980s, structural explanations have been replaced increasingly by the individualism of leadership and leader-centric explanations, especially when it comes to schools. In this paper, we argue that leader-centric accounts involve a commitment to methodological individualism and that there are four serious problems with this view. First, it is logically difficult to describe individual actions without recourse to structures. Second, methodological individualism fosters a centralised mindset inviting the attribution of leadership where none may exist. Third, evidence for distributed cognition compromises leader-centrism. And fourth, administrative tasks themselves are often highly structured. In response to these problems, we urge a more balanced approach to organisational functioning, one that involves both structures and individuals.     

梅岭森林公园开发现状分析及对策研究

梅岭森林公园是南昌最大的森林公园,其旅游产品的决策和开发是一个难点和关键性问题。从当前梅岭森林公园开发现状和存在的问题来看,经营对策和开发方向的研究至关重要。文章试较系统地探讨了梅岭森林公园开发的现状,存在问题,并提出了经营对策。     

可见的大学教学:内涵、特征与实践

传统的大学教学是在“传递—接受”框架中建构的,其最突出问题就是学生参与度低及知能内化不足。通过观察法及实物收集法发现:学生参与度低的现象是将学生客体化和边缘化,掩盖了质量危机的真正根源。本质上,学生表达的是对传统大学教学遮蔽了可见品性的抗拒与摒弃。为克服传统教学的弊端,可见的大学教学应运而生,其主张“互学共创共成长”的师生观,包含“看见、遇见、听见及预见”四层含义,典型特征表现在三个方面:学习者成为师生的共同身份,教、学及学习环境的相互可见成为教学的基本规范,学生热情参与及知识素质能力内化成为师生的共同追求。可见的大学教学提供了新的大学教学范式和方法论原则,在实践基础上还原了教育的本真,可为大学教学质量提升提供新的视角。     

“俺答封贡”的决策问题

“俺答封贡”的主要内容包括受降把汉那吉、封贡和互市,以及进一步整饬军备等。此间,方逢时、王崇古等边臣以战略的眼光收留了把汉那吉,主张受降、封贡和互市,是“俺答封贡”的具体执行者;高拱、张居正等阁臣自始至终悉心筹划、指示方略,支持和保护边臣,力排异议,尽心竭力;穆宗坚定地支持阁臣。封贡、互市实现后,明廷进一步整顿军备边防,使明代北部边防形势大为改观,经济复苏,人民生活日趋改善。可见,边臣方逢时、王崇古等,阁臣高拱、张居正等,以及穆宗都在俺答封贡中扮演着不可或缺的重要角色,功不可没。因此,俺答封贡受到学界的很高评价,而高拱等人更是赢得了极高的赞誉。     

浅析“极大极小策略”——从博弈的角度看翻译中的抉择

前捷克斯洛伐克翻译理论家列维第一次把博弈论用于翻译专题讨论中,他提出的＂极大极小策略＂把翻译行为描述为一种抉择行为,意为译者在所有可能的解决方案中,会选用能以最少努力达到最大效果的方案。＂极大极小策略＂在翻译实践中的应用过程是一个博弈的游戏过程,在不同文本类型中,面对不同读者群其侧重点不同。