心理学视角下教材插图问题及对学生认知能力的影响——以人教版《新目标》为例

教材插图的出现是教科书革新的重要标志。插图课文使得学生的注意力在文字和插图之间不断地进行转换和整合,从而显著优于单一文字。通过心理学视角来分析现行中学英语教材插图的编绘,发现问题不少,其编排布局对学生的认知能力影响显著。不同认知水平的学生适用于不同类型的插图,其功能的定向与学生的认知水平应当相互匹配,从而使图、文、学生三者之间达到相互适切,使插图的功能得到最大发挥。     

Russia's Digital Cultural Heritage in the Legal Deposit System

Since 1994, the National Library of Russia has accepted electronic media according to the federal law On the Obligatory Copy of Documents, which established the system of legal deposit in Russia. The Scientific-Technical Center “Informregistr” is responsible for collecting legal deposits of electronic media and provides regular analysis of the National Library's collection of electronic editions. The results of these analyses are given in this article. Bibliographic records of deposited electronic media are available online in the electronic catalog Russian Electronic Editions. Catalog data are used to evaluate the characteristics of electronic editions and publishers. Acquisitions librarians use this catalog as a national bibliographic resource for adding electronic editions to their collections.     

论《不伏老》中的自画像及其价值

元散曲大家关汉卿套曲[南吕·一枝花]《不伏老》,一直受到诸多学者的关注,其中“铜豌豆”式的曲笔自画像既是学者们研究关汉卿的重要资料,也是后人了解元初散曲作家的境界、心态、曲风的可贵文献.     

Evaluation of the exercise workload of broadcast calisthenics for children and adolescents aged 11–17 years

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise workload of the 3rd Series of National Broadcast Calisthenics for Elementary and Middle School Students. Altogether, 120 students aged 11–17 years were randomly selected from elementary and middle schools to participate in the study. Each participant performed a cycle ergometer test to obtain maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) and maximum heart rate values. In the laboratory, oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂), metabolic equivalents (METs), and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout a calisthenics session performed by the participants. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were also recorded. Throughout the calisthenics session, mean percentage of [Vdot]O₂ reserve varied from 30.7% to 41.2%, mean percentage of heart rate reserve from 39.0% to 56.9%, and mean RPE from 9.0 to 10.4. The mean energy cost during most of the segments across the four routines of calisthenics was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than 3.0 METs. In conclusion, the exercise workload of the 3rd Series of National Broadcast Calisthenics for Elementary and Middle School Students session varied from low to moderate. As part of a school-based physical activity intervention project, calisthenics would help to promote an active lifestyle and health in children and adolescents.     

The Estimation of [Vdot]O2max from Maximal and Sub-Maximal Measurements in Males,Age 10–39

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between physiological and anthropometrical variables and 15-km time trial (TT) cycling performance time. Twenty-two competitive cyclists averaged 59.7 ml · kg^–1 · min^–1 for maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O_2max), 42.8 ml · kg^–1 · min^–1 for anaerobic threshold (AT), and 23.5 min for the 15 km TT race. The relationship between [Vdot]O_2max and cycling performance time was r = – 0.68, (p < .01) while the correlation between AT and performance time was r = – 0.93, (p <.01). Applying stepwise multiple regression analysis, the two-variable model of the AT and the body circumference ratio, thigh+calf:arm+chest, was found to correlate highly with cycling performance time (r =0.966). It was concluded that the successful cyclists are characterized by the ability to consume large amounts of oxygen prior to ventilatory changes associated with the anaerobic threshold as well as a larger lower to upper body circumference ratio which may favorably decrease wind resistance while cycling.     

龙州上龙蔗园话的来历和语音

龙州县位于广西壮族自治区西南边陲,与越南接壤。龙州蔗园话在清朝中叶由南宁传入,至今200多年。语音特点跟桂南平话的一般特征相合。同音字汇收3400字。     

山西祁县话中代词“[nja33]”与“人家”考释

本文从山西祁县话中常用代词[nja33]与"人家"的语法、语用及修辞等方面的共同点出发,对其进行语音上的关联,并得出了[nja33]即为"人家"的古合音的遗留.     

Students as co-producers in a multidisciplinary software engineering project: addressing cultural distance and cross-cohort handover

This article reports an undergraduate software engineering project in which, over a period of 2 years, four student teams from different cohorts developed a note-taking app for four academic clients at the students’ own university. We investigated how projects involving internal clients can give students the benefits of engaging in real software development while also giving them experience of a student-staff collaboration that has its own benefits for students, academics, and the university more broadly. As the university involved is a Sino-Foreign university located in China, where most students are Chinese and most teaching staff are not, this ‘student as co-producer’ approach interacts with another feature of the project: cultural distance. Based on analysis of notes, reports, interviews, and focus groups, we recommend that students should be provided with communicative strategies for dealing with academics as clients; universities should develop policies on ownership of student-staff collaborations; and projects should include a formalised handover process. This article can serve as guidance for educators considering a ‘students as co-producers’ approach for software development projects.     

Heteroheptacene-based acceptors with thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole yield high-performance polymer solar cells

Rationally utilizing and developing synthetic units is of particular significance for the design of high-performance non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). Here, a thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole synthetic unit was employed to develop a set of SMAs (ThPy1, ThPy2, ThPy3 and ThPy4) by changing the number or the position of the pyrrole ring in the central core based on a standard SMA of IT-4Cl, compared to which the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors exhibit bathochromic absorption and upshifted frontier orbital energy level due to the strong electron-donating ability of pyrrole. As a result, the polymer solar cells (PSCs) of the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors yield higher open-circuit voltage and lower energy loss relative to those of the IT-4Cl-based device. What is more, the ThPy3-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (15.3%) and an outstanding fill factor (FF) (0.771) that are superior to the IT-4Cl-based device (PCE = 12.6%, FF = 0.758). The ThPy4-based device realizes the lowest energy loss and the smallest optical band gap, and the ternary PSC device based on PM6:BTP-eC9:ThPy4 exhibits a PCE of 18.43% and a FF of 0.802. Overall, this work sheds light on the great potential of thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based SMAs in realizing low energy loss and high PCE.     

谈谈室温离子液体的新进展

本文介绍了室温离子液体的独特性质,品种繁多,应用领域十分广泛,涉及学科众多。近年来,国内外研究蓬勃发展,将成为绿色化学发展的前沿。