从高等教育入学机会的分配标准透视教育公平问题——对新中国50年普通高校招生政策的历史回顾

教育公平问题归根结底是一个权利、机会等资源的分配和再分配问题,其中分配标准是关键。不同的分配标准,决定了不同人群的现实处境。回顾新中国成立以来的高校招生政策,我国高等教育入学机会的分配标准经历了由新中国成立初期的学术和政治的双重标准,到教育“革命”时期政治标准被突出强调,“文革”后学术标准被重新确立,进而到当前经济实力成为影响机会分配的重要因素的变革历程。     

当前固定资产投资形势与政策建议

2007年以来固定资产投资在高位回落的趋势下,仍然呈现出高位运行、复杂易变的特征,存在诸多矛盾和问题.当前宏观调控的立足点应放在保持经济平稳较快发展,保持宏观经济政策稳定性和连续性上;适度控制投资规模和投资增幅,但不可一味打压投资;注重调整投资结构,转变投资增长方式;推进要素市场化改革;优化投资项目融资结构.     

The impact of PISA and the interrelation and development of assessment policy and assessment theory in Japan

PISA presents a new image for academic achievement, which has prompted Japanese education reforms over the past decade to innovate teaching and learning for ‘PISA-style literacy’. Supported by theoretical foundations, particularly with regard to the concept of ‘PISA literacy’ and ‘authentic assessment’, these reforms have accomplished progress in the focus on higher order competencies, such as application and the development of new assessment strategies. However, more recently, various critical discussions of ‘PISA literacy’ are underway in the Japanese academy. They interrogate it more critically and reveal the narrow emphasis on functional application and technical operation. Current assessment practices, which tend to fall into ‘criteria compliance’, are in urgent need of review. There is a need to extend the critical discussions in progress to the new assessment strategies. This paper responds to this, by considering the Japanese acceptance of ‘PISA literacy’ and its assessment, discussing the features and limitations.     

高等教育大众化条件下高校师资队伍建设的基本对策

我国高等教育规模急速扩大,在短短的几年时间里就由精英教育阶段进入大众化教育阶段。师资队伍建设不能适应大众化教育阶段的需要成为制约高等教育质量提高的关键。建立明确的师资队伍建设的目标体系和科学的措施体系是解决师资队伍建设问题的基本策略。     

Being ‘nice’ or being ‘normal’: girls resisting discourses of ‘coolness’

In this paper we consider discourses of friendship and belonging mobilised by girls who are not part of the dominant ‘cool’ group in one English primary school. We explore how, by investing in alternative and, at times, resistant, discourses of ‘being nice’ and ‘being normal’ these ‘non-cool’ girls were able to avoid some of the struggles for dominance and related bullying and exclusion found by us and other researchers to be a feature of ‘cool girls’ groupings. We argue that there are multiple dynamics in girls' lives in which being ‘cool’ is only sometimes a dominant concern. There are some children for whom explicitly positioning themselves outside of the ‘cool’ group is both resistant and protective, providing a counter-discourse to the dominance of ‘coolness’. In this paper, which is based on observational and interview data in one school in the south of England, we focus on two main groupings of intermediate and lower status girls, as well as on one ‘wannabe’ ‘cool girl’. While belonging to a lower status group can bring disadvantages for the girls we studied, there were also benefits.     

清代前期中西交流中止原因探析

中国与西方在很早已有交往。明末清初，交往已相当频繁，西方一些传教士曾涉入中国上流社会，担任宫廷教师，对外谈判翻译等重要职务，很受当权者重视，甚至部分高层人士还接受了西方宗教，成为信徒，中西文化一度出现交融的前景。但因中国传统文化与西方文化间的种种差异，西方人的行为使中国人对其产生的种种误解及中国国内的现实状况等因素的综合使用，使中国突然关闭了刚刚开启的国门，使中西隔离，当西方工业文明崛起之时，中国仍沉浸在天朝大国的梦幻之中，使中国失去了分享人类文明成果的大好时机和一次飞跃发展的良好机遇，最终因落后而被西方殖民者的炮舰冲入国门，陷入百年屈辱历史。     

中央政府为农业和农村社会发展构建制度保障

中央政府不仅要对全国农村和农业发展做出科学规划安排,而且要为农业农村社会发展进行制度构建土地产权制度建设,改革户籍管理制度,调整农产品进出口贸易政策,建立符合WTO框架原则的农业国内支持政策。加强农业法制建设。     

秦国客卿制度漫议

争霸称雄的春秋战国时代,秦国的西部开发极具典型意义。秦国之所以成功地开发西部,并最终统一中国,客卿制度的实施,无疑是重要的因素。     

从公平看我国高校收费政策

80年代末我国高等教育开始实行招生收费制度改革。本文从政策影响、政策事实和政策价值方面对我国高校收费政策进行分析,认为现有收费水平偏高,对教育公平产生了消极影响。教育公平是社会和谐发展重要基石,教育政策的首选价值应是教育公平。     

Roma women’s higher education participation: whose responsibility?

There are striking gaps between Roma and non-Roma higher education (HE) participation rates, with less than 1% of Roma possessing a tertiary-level qualification [United Nations Development Programme, World Bank and European Commission. 2011a. “The Situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States.” Accessed 3 April 2015. http://issuu.com/undp_in_europe_cis/docs/_roma_at_a_glance_web/1#download]. As the Decade of Roma Inclusion (2005–2015) closes, this renders the present a salient moment to reflect on Roma students’ HE experiences. Widening educational access for marginalised groups raises specific questions about where responsibility for doing so lies – with tensions between individualised articulations of raising aspiration and notions of collective responsibility framed in a social justice agenda. Drawing on interviews with five Roma women students, this paper unpacks the contradictions between desiring access to HE for individual self-betterment and concurrent pulls towards educating for the wider benefit of ‘improving’ Roma communities. Using Ahmed’s [2012. On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press] work on institutional belonging, we explore the specifically gendered nature of these narratives in how ‘doubly’ marginalised bodies are positioned as outsiders, in receipt of an educational gift.