茭白节水栽培技术研究

采用不同深度水层处理茭白,研究对茭白生长发育、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:三种处理在产量性状上与对照存在极显著差异,而株高、叶片数、分蘖数以及品质等生物学和品质性状与对照无显著差异.当年栽植在节水35.3%的情况下,处理I比对照增产9.2%.     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

QTL analysis for some quantitative traits in bread wheat

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain protein content (GPC) sug- gested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. In contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) was controlled mainly by main effect QTL (M-QTL) with very little genetic variation due to environmental interactions; a major QTL for PHST was detected on chromosome arm 3AL. For grain weight, one QTL each was detected on chromosome arms 1AS, 2BS and 7AS. QTL for 4 growth related traits taken together detected by different methods ranged from 37 to 40; nine QTL that were detected by single-locus as well as two-locus analyses were all M-QTL. Similarly, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses for seven yield and yield contributing traits in two populations respectively allowed detection of 25 and 50 QTL by composite interval mapping (CIM), 16 and 25 QTL by multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) and 38 and 37 QTL by two-locus analyses. These studies should prove useful in QTL cloning and wheat improvement through marker aided selection.     

利用乘法定律解决多对性状组合问题

多对性状的遗传分析计算,往往是遗传学的难点之一,如果不能准确把握分析和计算的思路,往往会发生配子、基因型、表现型种类和数目计算的遗漏、混乱或错误,而在解决这些诸多问题的时候,乘法定律的灵活使用,会帮助解决多对性状的组合问题。     

陆地棉F2代单株选择的主成分分析

以抗虫棉品种和非抗虫棉杂交,在选择的条件下对F2代单株性状采用主成分分析的方法,就综合农艺性状对产量性状的影响进行了研究.结果表明:前5个主成分因子累积方差贡献率达74.95％,基本反映遗传信息.各主成分分析结果依次为:结铃性因子、形态因子、铃重因子、衣分因子、营养生长因子.依据主成分评价,较为理想的杂交F2代抗虫棉单...     

“性状分离比模拟实验”自制教具的拓展应用

利用透明饮用水桶和儿童弹力球制成性状分离比的教具,是针对性状分离比模拟实验的再次改进。改进后的教具可以应用在模拟基因的自由组合定律、解释基因自由组合定律的实质以及模拟两对相对性状的性状分离比三类实验中。     

杂交试验中豌豆性状的观察时机辨析

豌豆是一年生攀援草本植物,根据被子植物的生活史,其一生可以分为种子的形成、萌发以及植株的生长和发育等阶段.160多年前孟德尔从34个豌豆品种中选择了7对相对性状(如茎的高度、种子的形状、子叶的颜色、花的位置等)做杂交实验(见图1 ) ,无论正反交杂交后产生的第一代(F1 )都表现出显性性状,杂交后产生的第二代(F2 )...     

棉花新品种数量性状的主成分分析与通径分析

对河南省2006及2007年16个春棉区试资料的植株、产量因素和纤维品质共17个数量性状进行主成分分析结果,前4个主成分对所考察性状总变异的累计贡献率达83.89%,反映了所有性状绝大部分信息.分析表明,选择植株中等偏高、果枝始节低、果枝台数多、株铃多、铃重高的性状,可同步提高衣分,增加皮棉及霜前皮棉,为选育高产棉花品种的有效途径,但对纤维的长、细度及纺纱指数的间接选择效果不明显.通径分析表明,由于株铃与铃重呈负负相关,选择时必须两者兼顾,不能顾此失彼,植株中等偏高和果枝台数多的性状,主要是通过增加株铃起增产作用,果枝始节低的性状能极显著提高衣分而导致皮棉增产.     

借助实验操作,探寻遗传奥秘——“基因如何控制性状”探究式教学案例

通过设计构建糖果宝宝的探究活动,引导学生在动手操作中学习有关遗传学的概念,从而激发学习兴趣、培养生物科学素养。     

自制简易便捷式“性状分离比”等实验模拟器

1实验模拟器照片（见图1） 2仪器特点及用途 （1）特点 ①与课本不同,通过微型封闭式、玩具即学具的人性化设计,获得更满意效果。