浅谈后置定语

所谓“定语后置”，就是把修饰成分放在被修饰的名词或代词之后的语法现象。此类情况在初中英语中屡见不鲜。现将初中英语教材中常见的定语后置现象归纳如下，与大家共飨。     

古汉语定语后置问题的再探讨

古汉语中是否存在后置定语?这是个值得进一步探讨的问题。文献材料表明,定语后置的现象在古汉语中虽然不很多,却是不可否认的客观存在。这是原始汉藏语在汉语中留下的残迹。     

英语介词的后置

英语介词在一定条件下可后置，如：在名词性从句和限定性定语从句中介词常后置；有些不定式结构作名词修饰语或状语时，介词后置；关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置有时后置；在带有介词的动名词短语中，当动名词短语是被动语态时，或形式上是主动的而含义是被动的，介词则后置；在it引导的强调结构中，介词常后置等。     

浅谈英语后置定语的用法及翻译

定语有前置定语和后置定语之分。前置定语多以单词但任 ,后置定语通常由形容词 (短语 )、副词语 (短语 )、介词短语、不定式 (短语 )、分词 (短语 )或定语从句担任。研究后置定语的用法和译法 ,掌握后置定语的运用规律 ,是英语教学中不可忽视的问题。此外 ,还应注意其翻译方法和技巧。     

借鉴英语语法学习文言文的特殊句式

学生经常反映,一见到文言文的特殊句式就发懵,极易混淆。即使能够区分,翻译起来也是不大符合现代汉语的规范。究其原因就在于他们没有将自己的文言文特殊句式的语法知识分类化和系统化。本文就从文言文的三大句式（判断句,被动句．定语后置）谈去,教学生能够迁移运用英语中关于特殊句式的语法,学习文育文特殊句式,达到巩固文言文和英语两方面知识点的目的。     

从“时不我待”看词序

词序问题是汉语语法的一个重要问题,就古汉语特别是先秦汉语而言,一般的词序是:主 谓,谓 宾,定 中……但也有一些特殊情况。本文主要以先秦、汉魏语料为依据,简析古代汉语中宾语前置、定语后置和介词短语及其他有关成分(短语)的位置等几种特殊的词序问题。     

连杆的有限元分析与优化设计

有限元分析在各个工程领域得到了广泛的应用,有限元法程序包亦成为CAD常用计算方法库中不可缺少的内容,并与优化设计形成了集成系统.应用这些计算分析方法,设计人员可高效合理地寻找最佳设计方案.通过利用三维CAD软件SolidWorks中的有限元分析工具COSMOS对联轴部件中的连杆进行分析及结构优化设计.     

名词短语中修饰语排序的认知原因

英语中名词短语主要可分为以下几个构成成分:限定词、前置修饰语、中心词、及后置修饰语,本文即意在探讨英语名词短语构成成分的排列顺序,以期找到其中的认知原因,在看似杂乱无章的排列中找到规律。     

对章振邦《新编英语语法教程》的几点建议

《新编英语语法教程》第四版是一部新型的、融合传统语法与现代语言学和语法学于一体的英语语法教材,已被列为最具有权威性的语法书之一.但语法的使用,应是一个明朗清晰的框架,而此书有些知识却存在着某些含糊性,值得商榷.     

Postconditioning of sevoflurane and propofol is associated with mitochondrial permeability transition pore

Background: Sevoflurane and propofol are effective cardioprotective anaesthetic agents, though the cardioprotection of propofol has not been shown in humans. Their roles and underlying mechanisms in anesthetic postconditioning are unclear.Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening is a major cause of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we investigated sevoflurane- and propofol-induced postconditioning and their relationship with MPTP. Methods: Isolated perfused rat hearts were exposed to 40 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. During the first 15 min of reperfusion, hearts were treated with either control buffer (CTRL group) or buffer containing 20 μmol/L atractyloside (ATR group), 3% (v/v) sevoflurane (SPC group),50 μmol/L propofol (PPC group), or the combination of atractyloside with respective anesthetics (SPC ATR and PPC ATR groups). Infarct size was determined by dividing the total necrotic area of the left ventricle by the total left ventricular slice area (percent necrotic area). Results: Hearts treated with sevoflurane or propofol showed significantly better recovery of coronary flow,end-diastolic pressures, left ventricular developed pressure and derivatives compared with controls. Sevoflurane resulted in more protective alteration of hemodynamics at most time point of reperfusion than propofol. These improvements were paralleled with the reduction of lactate dehydrogenase release and the decrease of infarct size (SPC vs CTRL: (17.48±2.70)% vs (48.47±6.03)%,P＜0.05; PPC vs CTRL: (35.60±2.10)% vs (48.47±6.03)%, P＜0.05). SPC group had less infarct size than PPC group (SPC vs PPC:(17.48±2.70)% vs (35.60±2.10)%, P＜0.05). Atractyloside coadministration attenuated or completely blocked the cardioprotective effect of postconditioning of sevoflurane and propofol. Conclusion: Postconditioning of sevoflurane and propofol has cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart, which is associated with inhibition of MPTP opening. Compared to propofol, sevoflurane provides superior protection of functional recovery and infarct size.