Effect of selected fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly （P〈0.05）.     

“微生物的实验室培养”的教学与实验操作组织

"微生物的实验室培养"是进行微生物研究和利用的基础,其基本操作技术是高中学生必备的技能。因此,"微生物的实验室培养"实验是高中选修教材中一个非常重要的实验。笔者从教学安排到实验操作等方面提出开设该实验的建议及怎样组织实验。一、实验教学内容分析"微生物的实验室培养"是选修1的专题2"微生物的培养与应用"中的第1个课题,它要求在传统发酵技术的应用的基础上,进一步全面深入学习微生物培养的基础知识和基本操作技术,同时也为微生物应用奠定基础,具有承上启下的重要作用。在生物技术模块中是学生应该选择的一个重要的操作实验,但由于该课题实验难度较大,多数中学实验器材不足、经费紧张等原因,在选择课题时都放弃该专题中的这个     

锂电池固体电解质的物理研究方法

作为一种性能优越的新型可充放电池,锂电池的应用日益广泛.人们更多地把它与化学(特别是电化学)相联系,而对锂离子电池所涉及的物理问题,诸如载流子传导、嵌入物理和相变等的认识还不够深入或是刚刚起步.在这里,着重介绍锂电池固体电解质物理学的研究方法,以期对锂离子电池有更深入的了解.     

射流尾焰二次燃烧数值模拟

为了研究固体火箭发动机尾焰的二次燃烧现象,利用带详细化学反应模型的三维N-S方程进行数值模拟.首先,采用超声速H2/O2燃烧算例验证了有限速率化学反应模型的有效性;其次,研究了射流冻结流和化学非平衡流两工况的流动参数对比.结果 表明,二次燃烧主要发生在尾焰的射流边界层和混合区,该区域O2的质量分数显著减小,而H2O和CO2的质量分数明显增大,并与温度增加区域相一致.     

固体超强酸SO4^2－／TiO2－Al2O3－SnO2催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

本文以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2为催化剂，苯乙酸和乙醇为原料合成了乙酸乙酯，并对催化剂，原料配比和反应时间等酯化反应的影响因素进行了详尽讨论。     

与溶液相关的概念考点举要

一、考查溶液概念 例1 下列关于溶液的说法,正确的是( ).     

近代文化词语辨释

进行词义研究,应当广泛占有和充分利用各种语言材料,采用多种研究方法来求本溯源,以全面准确地辨析和诠释词义。本文以"抱肚"、"兜肚"、"(足姜)(足察)"、"捻靶儿"和"走水"五词为例,对词义的辨析和诠释问题作了探讨。     

高温固体物料计量装置的研制

通过研制高温固体物料计量装置，实现了水泥生产中高温物料的精确计量管理。同时采用的一次性实物标定和在线修改参数的新方法为现场提供了极大方便。     

纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的酸强度研究

用不同晶型纳米TiO2制备出了纳米级SO4^2-/TiO2固体超强酸,用Hammett指示剂法测定了在不同摩尔浓度的H2SO4溶液、不同焙烧温度、不同浸泡时间及不同浸渍液时,酸强度的变化情况.结果表明用锐钛型纳米TiO2、以H2SO4溶液浸泡、在450℃焙烧所制备的固体超强酸的酸强度大,其H0≤-14.52.     

正交试验设计法评价ZrO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成求杨酸甲酯的最佳反应条件

本文用正交试验设计法评价了以固体超强酸ZrO_2／S_4~2－催化合成水杨酸甲酯的最佳反应条件。并通过验证实验证明：其结果是可靠的