Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective: A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling oftetrapep-tide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-Ome and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ome after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment.Methods: Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide--sarcodactylamide.Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz.Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-Ome and Ala-Gly-Ome.Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method.The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR,FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis.The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif-ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial,anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities.Results: Synthesis of sarcodac-tylamide was accomplished with >78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent.Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines,in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis,Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp.Moreover,cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa,in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine (TEA) as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide.N-methyl morpholine (NMM) was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

淮河源国家森林公园植物资源研究

淮河源国家森林公园位于河南省西南部、桐柏山腹地，共有维管植物181科，785属，1886种及变种，具有丰富的中草药植物资源、观赏植物资源和许多珍稀濒危植物。森林植被垂直分布差异明显，植物种类多方交汇，南北兼容，有许多原始或古老的科属，是一个温带性质的植物区系，而且温带成分和亚热带到暖温带过渡类型突出，其植物的进化类型、生活型具有丰富的多样性。     

植物组织培养中的玻璃化现象

本文叙述了植物组织培养过程中，出现的玻璃苗解剖学特点、生理生化变化、形成原因及预防措施。     

人工诱变在植物病原真菌研究中的应用

分别介绍了物理诱变、化学诱变和插入突变在病原真菌遗传变异规律和致病机理研究中的应用.     

万盛区植物资源调查报告

本文根据调查及有关资料分析,统计了万盛区现存野生维管束植物1106种。隶属于613属、154科。对区系成分进行了统计分析,其基本特征为:植物种类繁多;区系成分复杂,热带、温带成分明显;区系起源古老,古、珍、特、濒危植物较丰富。森林植被类型以亚热带常绿阔叶林为主,也有常绿—落叶阔叶混交林及亚热带针叶林等。植被类型复杂,交错现象明显。     

努力实现教学方式的创新

创新教育是以培养人的创新精神和创新能力为基本价值取向的教育。教学中要充分发挥学生的主体作用，通过学生主动的思考、探索和发现，以提高其解决问题的能力和创新精神。这就要求教师必须实现教学方式的转变。教师不但是学生学习活动的指导者和组织者，也是学生学习活动的参与者和合作者。教学中要注意引导学生动手操作、自主探究、合作交流，给学生自主和自由研讨的时间和空间，让学生的个性得到充分发展。例如，我教《植物妈妈有办法》一课，就注意了以下几点：