铜与硝酸反应实验的改进

1　铜与浓硝酸的反应图 1　　 (1 )仪器装置图 (图 1 )(2 )制作材料 :1 5 0ｍＬ集气瓶、2 0ｍｍ×2 0 0ｍｍ的试管、粗铜丝 1根、单孔塞 2个。(3 )实验步骤 :①取一试管 ,在其中部用酒精灯加工成一小孔。将一束细铜丝绕成螺旋环状 ,挂在粗铜丝的小钩上 ,将粗铜丝穿过单孔胶塞。②实验前在集气瓶内加入 40ｍＬ浓度为 2 0 %ＮａＯＨ溶液 (用量根据平行班级的多少来定 ) ,在试管内加入适量浓硝酸 ,将带粗铜丝的塞子塞紧试管 (粗铜丝上挂有螺旋状的铜丝环 )向上移动粗铜丝 ,使铜不与硝酸接触 ,再将带试管的塞子塞紧集气瓶。③向下移动粗铜丝 ,使…     

石墨电极对溶液pH响应特性的研究

就固态石墨电极的pH响应特性及掺入PbO、PbO_2和PbS后的响应性能做了较系统的探讨,实验表明,纯石墨压片电极在pH1～9的范围内具有良好的线性,Nernst斜率为48．3mv/pH,该电极无内参,强度高,耐温压,Na~ 、K~ 、NH_4~ 、Cl~-、B_4O_7~(2-)、PO_4~(2-)、HPO_4~(2-)、邻苯二甲酸根对电极pH响应无干扰。     

一道溶液稀释题的三种解法

医疗上用的生理盐水是0．9％的氯化纳溶液．现将50g18％的氯化钠溶液稀释为0．9％的生理盐水，试计算需加入蒸馏水的质量．     

“浓度”不等式在物理中的应用两例

在数学中有一条不等式a/b〈（a＋x）/（b＋x）（a〈b〉,笔者称该不等式为“浓度”不等式．因为该不等式可以这样简单证明：如果有一杯氯化钠溶液，总质量为b，其中氯化钠的质量为a，则浓度为a/b．在该溶液中加入质量为x的氯化钠（未饱和），     

Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on apoptosis of intestinal mueosa in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Spragne-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, normal saline resuscitation (NS) group, and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) group, with 7 in each group. We detected and compared the apoptosis in small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), FITC (fluo-rescein-iso-tbiocyanate)-Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining method, and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa in the rats of both NS and HTS groups was observed. The numbers of apoptotic cells in these two groups were significantly greater than that in the sham group (P＜0.01). In the HTS group, the apoptic cells significantly decreased, compared with the NS group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, the HTS resuscitation of small volume is more effective than the NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats, which may improve the prognosis of trauma.     

连续多步反应问题的解法-公式法

连续多步反应的计算问题是指，凡是两种物质发生反应的生成物中有一种物质能跟反应物中的一种过量物质在同一体系内继续反应的有关计算．如H2S的燃烧，CO2通入NaOH溶液，CO2通入Ca(OH)2溶液，H2S(SO2）通入NaOH溶液，可溶性铝盐与NaOH溶液的反应，偏铝酸盐与HCl反应，铁与HNO3反应，碳粉与氧化铜(SiO2)反应，Na2CO3与HCl反应等等．     

关于用电解原理制取白色氢氧化亚铁的研究

从电源电压、电流密度、电解质溶液浓度等方面,对制取氢氧化亚铁进行了研究,并探索到了电解制取氢氧化亚铁较为理想的实验条件.