教学疾病范畴论

正如人这个有机体容易患上疾病一样,教学这个多元而复杂的系统,在不当的运作方式和内外异常因素的浸染之下,也容易患上这样或那样的疾病。我们认为,教学疾病就是指教学系统在内外异常因素的影响之下,教学功能不能或不能很好地得以发挥,以至于产生很多不良作用的不正常状态。研究发现,教学疾病具有直接传染性、整体破坏性、影响长期性三个基本特征。①本文在前期研究(见拙文《教学病理初探》)之基础上,主要对教学疾病的范畴作些分析。一、教学专制所谓教学专制主要是指教师带着社会赋予他的与职业俱来的权力,凌驾于学生之上,以种种神圣的理由…     

课改后对好语文课评价的思考

课程标准指出:"语文课程丰富的人文内涵对学生精神领域的影响是深广的,学生对语文材料的反应又往往是多元的。因此,应该重视语文的熏陶感染作用,注意教学内容的价值趋向,同时也应尊重学生在学习过程中的独特体验。"这段话实质上就反映出语文教育的一个特点,即在语文教学中应注重对学生的熏陶感染、价值趋向和独特感受。那么,在课标要求下,究竟怎样的语文课才能算是一堂好课呢?     

吃大蒜可抗前列腺癌

澳大利亚《悉尼时报》报道，人体缺硒会导致人体机能下降，感染高致病性病毒性疾病的危险明显增大，因此多吃富含硒的芝麻、大蒜可使前列腺癌的发病率降低63%。美国科学家指出，精神分裂症可能与一种叫弓浆虫的寄生虫有很大的关系，并指出目前全世界有一半左右的人口已经感染了弓浆虫。     

住院死亡病例188例分析

目的 :分析及探讨住院儿童死亡原因 ,以提高儿科临床工作质量 ,降低儿童死亡率。方法 :对 188例住院患儿死亡病例进行回顾分析。结果 :住院患儿的病死率为 2 .0 %。新生儿死亡数占总死亡数的 2 3.4 % ,1岁占 38.8% ,故 1岁以内死亡数占总死亡数的 6 2 .2 %。导致住院儿童死亡的前十位疾病是肺炎、病毒性脑炎、白血病、新生儿窒息、婴幼儿腹泻、败血症、结核病、先天性心脏病、新生儿硬肿症和中毒意外。新生儿、婴幼儿、学龄前及学龄儿的首位死因分别是新生儿窒息、肺炎和白血病。结论 :加强围生期保健 ,预防窒息 ,重视肺炎、白血病的防治对降低儿科住院病死率有重要意义。     

亮出建构的风采来——充分利用各区域材料开展结构游戏的尝试

近年来，随着教育改革的不断推进，让幼儿园成为学习型组织，把教师培养成研究型教师的理念已深入人心，研讨的氛园在业内随处可见。服务于专业发展，力图通过杂志营造起方便广大教师交流的平台，也是我们一直以来的追求。本期《活动评析》栏目，围绕一篇老师的自然来稿《亮出建构的风采来》，我们请来了北京曙光幼儿园的老师，连同指导她们在本刊2003年第3期和第4期，连续发表积水建构文章的中央孝科所廖贻老师，分别从实践操作和理论研究的视角，解析文章的长处与不足，展开跨越地域与时空的对话。我们感谢刘水清老师的宽容、坦诚，也感谢几位老师的参与、敞亮，我们更期望她们共同营造的交流，讨论与提升的精神氛园，能感染更多的读者和作者。     

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

驱逐看病恐惧症

你说我是不是神经过敏呀!每次孩子生病,我想带她去医院,可心里总担心这担心那的。怕交叉感染、怕误诊、怕开许多可有可无的药……     

啤酒酵母阻断白色念珠菌感染的实验研究

目的:探讨啤酒酵母菌对白色念珠菌感染的影响作用及机制.方法:用啤酒酵母免疫家兔后,经家兔耳的皮下注射白色念珠菌,建立播散性念珠菌病动物感染模型,观察啤酒酵母菌免疫组和对照组家兔的感染状况;通过测定抗体效价和巨噬细胞吞噬功能,了解啤酒酵母的免疫效果.结果:观察显示:①免疫组兔耳皮下注射区红肿面积明显小于对照组;②肾脏充血及肿胀程度免疫组小于对照组,同时,对照组肾脏出现肉眼可见的脓肿灶;③病理诊断显示,免疫组炎性细胞浸润范围小;④免疫组抗体效价明显高于对照组,吞噬百分率与吞噬指数,免疫组与对照组有明显差异(P<0.01).结论:啤酒酵母能够提高机体免疫功能,减轻白色念珠菌的局部感染及全身感染.     

Comparative study of Anaplasma parasites in tick carrying buffaloes and cattle

INTRODUCTION The world population of buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)has been estimated at over172million head,more than97%(167.6million)of which are in Asia and the Pacific region,mainly in India(97.7million)and Pakistan(25.5million)(FAO,2004).About98%of buffaloes in the region are raised by small farmers owning less than two hectares of land and less than five buffaloes(Mudgal,1992).In general,the water buffalo is regarded as more productive,healthier and more useful than the cow,especiall…     

矿工人体蠕形螨感染情况的初步调查

应用透明胶的纸法,直接刮拭法和挤压刮拭法作现场调查。结果镜检共计2538人,检出人体蠕形螨者1749人,检出率69.19％,且不同年龄和工种人体蠕形螨的检出率均不同。井下工人比地面工人的检出率高;检出车随年龄的增长似有增高的趋势;两种人体蠕形螨的感染率及感染度:毛囊蠕形螨均高于皮脂蠕形螨,且二者常混合感染。调查提示了矿工人体蠕形螨的感染率及感染度。