秦巴山区紫果猕猴桃资源的发掘与利用

紫果型猕猴桃主要是指黑蕊猕猴桃、软枣猕猴桃、陕西猕猴桃三种果实成熟后变成紫红色的猕猴桃,其野生资源仅分布于我国。紫果型猕猴桃具有丰富的花青素,果实皮肉呈紫红色,果皮亮且无毛,可不剥皮吃,营养价值非常高,被当地人称为仙人果、长寿果、牛奶果、羊奶子等。紫果型猕猴桃的引种存在一定的技术难度,况且雌雄异株,必须雌雄植株配套引种才能结果,所以很少见到人工引种成功的紫果型猕猴桃。     

全球10大受贸易威胁的野生动植物

虎、鲨鱼等顶级掠食者的生存状况频频告危,最近世界自然基金会(WWF)又公布了包括这些动物在内的当前世界10大最受贸易活动威胁、亟需采取全球性保护行动的野生动植物名单。在过去几十年里,虎和亚洲犀牛面临着盗猎和非法贸易等活动的巨大威胁,亟需采取措施加以保护。其他物种,尤其是海洋生物,由于近几年全球市场需求旺盛,数量急剧下降,因此也榜上有名。如果人类的动植物贸易能更节制,也许与世无争的动植物会活得比较好一点。     

芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

色季拉山野生观赏木本植物资源

西藏林芝具有非常丰富的野生观赏植物约有1091种和变种，其中木本观赏植物有900多种，占整个野生观赏植物的80％左右。本文对其主要种类进行了归类和整理，并对其资源的保护与开发提出了初步的建议。     

西藏半野生大麦品种资源的特点及利用

本文对编入《中国近缘野生大麦遗传资源目录》中的２４６份西藏半野生大麦资源的农艺性状态及特点，进行了分析，认为西藏半野生大麦资源具有分布广，早熟，植株偏高、穗粒数较多，穗和粒色以深色居多等特点。     

最聪明的鱼

人类懂得钻木取火．懂得用各种工具帮助自己进食,而鱼类也毫不示弱。近日,潜水员在澳大利亚大堡礁附近拍摄到了一组野生鱼类“借助工具吃食”的场面。     

唐朝牡丹特点研究

牡丹是富贵繁荣的象征,历来受到国人的厚爱。牡丹得名其来久矣,且有多种别名,品种也很繁多。有唐一代,牡丹在各地广泛传播,芳传天下。牡丹适应唐人艳丽的审美观,因此被称为＂万万花中第一流＂,唐人种花、赏花、赋花之俗成风,掀起了牡丹热。