Soccer

Female athletes are at least twice as likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury than male athletes. The underlying cause of ACL injury is multifactorial. However, several researchers have identified knee joint laxity as a possible contributing factor. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparison of knee joint laxity between male and female collegiate soccer players and male and female non‐athletes. Thirty‐nine (19 male, 20 female) apparently healthy, collegiate athletes from the University of Texas at El Paso's 2001‐2002 women's intercollegiate soccer team and men's club soccer team, and forty (20 male, 20 female) non‐athletic students volunteered to participate. All participants were tested bilaterally using the KT‐1000 MEDmetric knee joint ligament arthrometer. Three tests were used to determine anterior laxity: passive displacement, active displacement, and the Lachman test. The mean passive displacement, mean active displacement, and Lachman (only for the left leg) were significantly lower for the athletic group than for the non‐athletic group. There were no significant differences found between males and females for the passive and active drawer tests. However, females had significantly more laxity than males in the Lachman test. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning may play a more significant role in knee joint laxity than the sex of the individual.     

上海深化科技管理体制机制改革的研究与探讨

深化科技管理体制改革、破除一切阻碍自主创新能力增强的体制机制障碍,是上海率先增强自主创新能 力的内在要求和实现创新驱动、转型发展的基础保障。近年来,上海在推进科技管理体制机制改革方面进行了积极探 索,在提升城市科技创新实力、增强自主创新能力方面发挥了重要作用,但也存在着诸多薄弱环节。改革上海科技管 理体制机制,要以提高科技创新效率为落脚点,以科技计划管理改革为突破口,以优化创新资源配置机制为着力点, 强化宏观管理、柔化中观管理、活化微观管理,着力推动科技管理由研发管理向创新管理转变、由以硬件管理为主向 以软件管理为主转变、由部门管理为主向协同管理为主转变。     

建立科技计划资源汇交长效机制的思考

国家科技计划所形成的科技资源是重要的科技创新成果,是国家科技创新和发展的战略性资源。开展国 家科技计划项目执行过程中产生的科技资源的汇交与开放共享,是支撑科技创新和促进经济社会发展的重要手段。本 文以我国已开展的科技计划资源汇交的实践经验和主要成效为出发点,结合我国科技资源和科技管理现状,探索提出 建立科技计划资源汇交长效工作机制的思路与途径。     

山西省兵器科技文献平台建设与实现研究

从兵器科技文献平台建设的必要性、重要性出发,介绍了山西省兵器科技文献平台建设的总体目标、实 施思路;阐述了平台构建,包括系统环境、系统功能与体系结构设计和数据库设计以及中心门户网站的搭建和兵器科 技文献资源体系的建设;在分析了平台实际运行情况的基础上,针对平台运行中存在的利用率低,用户范围窄、服务 功能有待提高等问题,提出了做好资源建设基础工作、完善网络服务功能、加强平台宣传与推广、健全管理与监督制 度等对策和建议。     

4周有氧耐力运动对小鼠脾脏CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞诱导表达的实验研究

目的:通过对4周负重游泳运动前、后小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平变化及相关细胞因子IL-2、IL-10和TGF-β1水平变化的分析,探讨和研究有氧耐力运动对小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg表达及细胞因子IL-2、IL-10和TGF-β的影响。方法:KM种雄性小鼠100只随机分为对照组(50只)和运动组(50只)。运动各组分别按运动方案进行45min的负重(5%体重)游泳运动每天1次,每周6次。分别于实验前、每周末次运动后24h,处死小鼠,摘取脾脏和胸腺、采集血样。计算脾指数和胸腺指数,流式细胞仪检测小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg的表达,ELISA法测定血清IL-2、IL-10和TGF-β含量。结果:在4周负重游泳运动过程中,运动组小鼠脾指数在第1周末增加并在随后2、3、4周表现出下降的趋势,胸腺指数表现为逐周减少。运动组小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg的表达率表现为逐周增高,运动3周组、4周组高于运动0周组和对照组(P<0.05)。运动2周组和3周组血清IL-2水平升高,高于对照组(P<0.05);运动3周组和4周组血清IL-10和TGF-β1水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:4周有氧耐力游泳运动可延缓小鼠脾脏生长,加快胸腺萎缩,进而影响免疫器官的发育和功能。4周有氧耐力游泳运动可诱导小鼠T细胞活化,脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平提高,血清IL-10和TGF-β1水平升高,诱导免疫偏移。     

Cardiac indexes, cardiac damage biomarkers and energy expenditure in professional cyclists during the Giro d'Italia 3-weeks stage race

Introduction

The study of cardiac response to strenuous and continuous exercise is crucial to understanding the physiology of endurance. N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a potential marker for monitoring myocardial wall stress, and troponins (TnT and TnI) are widely used in the diagnosis of cardiac ischemia and infarction. Strenuous exercise may generate transitory ischemia, myocardial stress, and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, inducing the increased production of both these biomarkers. We measured changes in NT-proBNP and TnT in elite cyclists during a 3-week stage race, a model of strenuous exercise.

Materials and methods:

The study population was 9 professional cyclists participating in the 2011 Giro d’Italia. Pre-analytical and analytical phases scrupulously followed official recommendations. Anthropometric data, net energy expenditure and cardiac indexes (rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure) were recorded. Blood samples were drawn pre-race (day −1) and at days 12 and 22; NT-proBNP and highly sensitive-troponin (Hs-TnT) concentrations were assayed and corrected for plasma volume changes.

Results:

Body-mass index decreased and energy expenditure increased by 52% during the race. NT-proBNP concentrations increased [day −1: 23.52 ng/L (9.67–34.33); day 12: 63.46 ng/L (22.15–93.31); P = 0.039; day 22: 89.26 ng/L (34.66–129.78) vs. day −1; P < 0.001] and correlated with heart rate (r = −0.51; P = 0.006), systolic pressure (r = 0.39; P = 0.046) and energy expenditure (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). TnT concentrations did not vary, but a widened TnT amplitude distribution was observed.

Conclusions:

Increases in NT-proBNP correlated with higher energy expenditure over a 3-week cycling stage race, possibly indicating myocardial stress.     

NSTL文献资源建设的实践与发展

文章回顾了国家科技图书文献中心成立10周年来资源建设工作所取得的成就与进展,从资源建设方针的理论与实践、资源工作细化管理、优化结构、提高质量方面进行了总结归纳,同时提出了数字环境下文献资源建设发展的新思路。     

加强科技资源管理研究打造高端学术交流平台

简要回顾2009年《中国科技资源导刊》恳谈会暨科技资源管理学术研讨会的主要内容,从如何加强科技资源管理研究和推动导刊发展两方面进行综述,根据《导刊》3年发展规划,结合专家建议提出《导刊》2010年发展的思路。     

Ethnic identity: Myth and reality in Western Canada

The paper analyzes eleven research projects which have focused on the issue of ethnic identity. Each study addresses the question of how important ethnicity is to the individual. The results suggest that ethnicity, as measured in the present studies, is of little importance to Canadians. Ethnicity, however, should be viewed as an adaptive response to the conditions governing the context for acquisition of scarce and desired goods! What is clear is that assertions of the universal and constant import of ethnicity to Canadians are not true.     

Children's acquisition of conditional logic structure: Teachable?

The present study was designed to assess the teachability of conditional logic structure, using a training-transfer paradigm. Some recent attempts to induce or teach conditional reasoning capability have not been very successful. A component process analysis of the syllogistic conditional reasoning task commonly used suggests that it involves three main components: (a) inductive rule learning—attribute coding and rule mapping, (b) induction of conditional language-“if-then” operator, and (c) deductive interpretation—decoding, matching, and evaluation. When trained on all these components, Grade 5 and 7 children became very competent in dealing with a criterion conditional reasoning task. The previous attempts might have missed the training of more than one of the subprocesses identified above.