运动对大鼠骨骼肌CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平及核内PGC-1、HDAC5蛋白含量的影响

目的:研究运动后不同时间大鼠骨骼肌CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平及核内PGC-1、HDAC5蛋白含量的变化,以探讨运动后PGC -1α基因表达时相性变化的调节机制.方法:9周龄的雄性Wistar大鼠(167±4) g48只,随机分成安静对照组(C)和跑台运动后0h、3h、6h、12 h、24h取材组,共6组,每组8只.大鼠进行0坡度的1h跑台运动,跑台速度34 m/min.Western blot法测定蛋白含量及磷酸化水平,RT-PCR法测定基因表达.结果:PGC-1α mRNA含量,运动后即刻变化不显著,运动后3h、6h显著增加,12h虽仍高于对照组,但与6h相比显著降低,24h恢复至安静水平.核内PGC-1 α蛋白含量运动后各取材点均无显著变化.核内HDAC5蛋白含量则在运动后3h、6h下降显著,12h虽仍低于对照组,但与6h相比显著增加,24 h恢复到安静组水平.CaMKⅡ磷酸化水平,运动后0h,3h显著升高,6h虽仍高于对照组,但与3h相比显著降低,12h恢复至安静水平.结论:运动后PGC-1α基因表达的时相性变化可能是由对应时相变化规律的CaMKⅡ通过调节核内HDAC5含量,解除了转录因子对PGC-1α基因转录的抑制而实现.     

低氧运动干预对大鼠心肌细胞自噬作用的探讨

目的:探讨常压低氧(13.6%氧含量)运动对大鼠心肌核转录因子NF-κB、Cyt c和自噬相关基因Beclin1的影响,为运动与低氧适应机制的研究和高原训练方案的制定提供理论依据。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)分别测大鼠心肌NF-κB、Cyt c和Beclin1的含量。结果:通过运动训练、低氧适应或者是低氧运动适应,都能使NF-κB和Beclin1不同程度升高,其中以HC和HiLo较为显著,Cyt c变化不明显,提示运动训练、低氧适应或者低氧运动适应都能诱导自噬的发生。结论:自噬相关基因Beclin1在低氧训练中产生的低氧适应机制可能是低氧刺激后细胞内产生ROS,ROS激活了NF-κB信号通路,使得Beclinl与NF-κB活性增高;通过长期的运动与低氧适应,可能ROS降低有效抑制NF-κB信号通路,使Beclinl和NF-κB产生了适应性变化,Cyt c从线粒体释放较少,提示细胞凋亡率减少,从而保护心肌细胞的作用。     

自主运动抑制tau蛋白过度磷酸化改善学习记忆的分子机制

目的探讨自主运动调节tau蛋白激酶和tau蛋白磷酸酶的基因表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白过度磷酸化,进而改善学习记忆能力的分子机制。方法C57系APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为运动组(TE)与对照组(TC);C57系野生小鼠亦随机分为运动组(E)与对照组(C)。其中,TE组和E组小鼠从3月龄开始,给予16周的跑轮运动装置,TC组和C组小鼠不施加运动干预,作为相应对照组。Morris水迷宫实验检测APP/PS1转基因小鼠的空间学习记忆能力,Western Blot实验检测海马磷酸化tau蛋白(P-tau)水平,RT-PCR实验检测海马tau蛋白及tau蛋白激酶GSK-3β和CDK-5,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A和PP1 mRNA表达。结果(1)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠Morris水迷宫游泳潜伏期显著性降低(P<0.05),平台象限的游泳时间百分比显著性增加(P<0.05),穿越原平台位置的次数极显著性增加(P<0.01);(2)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马总tau蛋白mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05),Ser202位点和Thr181位点P-tau蛋白表达均显著性下调(P<0.05);(3)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马tau蛋白磷酸化激酶GSK-3β(P<0.01)和CDK-5(P<0.05)mRNA表达显著性下调,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A(P<0.01)和PP1(P<0.01)mRNA表达极显著性下调。结论16周自主运动通过下调tau蛋白激酶表达、上调tau蛋白磷酸酶表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白的过度磷酸化,进而促进海马神经细胞功能,改善转基因小鼠学习记忆。说明自主运动可通过调节脑的分子生物学机制,促进认知功能的改善和提升,预防和缓解阿尔茨海默病。     

Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to performance in selected physical tests

Abstract

The aims of the present study were (1) to analyse the physical demands of top-class referees and (2) to compare their official FIFA fitness test results with physical performance during a match. The work rate profiles of 11 international referees were assessed during 12 competitive matches at the 2003 FIFA Under-17 World Cup and then analysed using a bi-dimensional photogrammetric video analysis system based on direct lineal transformation (DLT) algorithms. In the first 15 min of matches, the referees were more active, performing more high-intensity exercise (P < 0.01) than in the first 15 min of the second half. During the second half of matches, the referees covered a shorter distance (P < 0.01), spent more time standing still (P < 0.05), and covered less ground cruising (P < 0.05), sprinting (P < 0.05), and moving backwards (P < 0.001) than in the first half. Also in the second 45 min, the distance of referees from infringements increased (P < 0.05) in the left attacking zone of the filed. There was also a decrease (P < 0.05) in performance in the period following the most high-intensity activity, compared with the mean for the 90 min. Time spent performing high-intensity activities during a match was not related to performance in the 12-min run (r ² = 0.30; P < 0.05), the 200-m sprint (r ² = 0.05; P < 0.05), or the 50-m sprint (r ² = 0.001; P < 0.05). The results of this study show that: (1) top-class referees experienced fatigue at different stages of the match, and (2) the typical field tests used by FIFA (two 50-m and 200-m sprints, followed by a 12-min run) are not correlated with match activities.     

湖南省中小学“体育艺术2+1项目”体育技能类项目优化研究

基于优化湖南中小学"体育艺术2+1项目"体育技能类项目的目的,运用问卷调查和专家访谈以及不同学段和项群训练理论两种视角,研究发现湖南中小学生可以选择体育舞蹈、篮球、游泳、足球、乒乓球、羽毛球、形体操和跳山羊等项目,可以选择技能主导类表现难美型项群、技战能主导类隔网对抗型项群和技战能主导类同场对抗型项群中的体育项目;同时建议对体育技能类项目的选择和优化要因地制宜,符合地域特色。     

论日本文化对教育荒废的影响

日本文化对教育的影响既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面.本文主要从日本文化对教育荒废的影响这个侧面,论述了二战以来发展中的日本文化对教育的消极影响.     

利用语块教学有效减少壮族预科学生母语负迁移作用

母语负迁移是影响词汇习得的重要因素。在学习环境和条件限制下,壮语的负迁移作用对壮族预科学生在英语习得过程中的影响非常明显。同时,壮族预科学生在其母语和汉语的双重影响下,这种负迁移具有其特点。利用语块的整体性和自动生成性等特点和优势的英语教学能有效减少由于壮语负迁移对壮族预科学生在英语习得的影响。     

Automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D solid NURBS models

An automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D geological solid models is presented.The 3D geological models are built applying the non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) technique,and a 2D profile can be calculated and generated automatically through Boolean operation to meet the demands of dredging projects.Moreover,an automatic marking method for geological attributes is put forward based on database technology,and the geological attributes include the profile name,scale,horizontal and vertical relative coordinates,geological lithology,and 2D standard lithology legend.At the same time,the automatic marking method can also provide an interactive mode for geological engineers to edit and modify the profile in the modeling system.Practical engineering applications show that the automatic generation method is a simple,flexible,fast and precise visual graphics rendering process that can create 2D standard profiles automatically and efficiently.This method also provides a convenient support tool for geological engineering digital analysis.     

公共科研机构绩效评价测度体系研究

科技过程的复杂性和创新产出的多样性使得对公共科研机构投入与产出的量度难以全面而完整,因而到目前为止依然没有形成一套相对标准化并普遍适用的测度体系。为此,本文引入结构化方法和经济学模型,建立了基于知识生产函数的公共科研机构绩效评价测度体系。应用结果表明,该测度体系通过量度实际产出和计算理论平均产出,实现了同类研究机构间横向与纵向的比较,为公共科研机构的绩效管理提供了更为科学的定量依据。     

研发合作形成的信任因素分析

前期学者多从策略的角度研究研发合作,但在研发合作形成过程中,主体间相互信任的影响更为重要.从信任与企业的互动关系出发,分别从路径依赖,交易成本,合作机会以及知识整合与扩散几个角度围绕信任对研发合作形成过程的影响作了深入的分析.