全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5402篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 184篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 3550篇 |
科学研究 | 1037篇 |
各国文化 | 13篇 |
体育 | 390篇 |
综合类 | 383篇 |
文化理论 | 3篇 |
信息传播 | 297篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 107篇 |
2020年 | 130篇 |
2019年 | 70篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 123篇 |
2014年 | 281篇 |
2013年 | 348篇 |
2012年 | 371篇 |
2011年 | 488篇 |
2010年 | 418篇 |
2009年 | 444篇 |
2008年 | 432篇 |
2007年 | 455篇 |
2006年 | 391篇 |
2005年 | 300篇 |
2004年 | 226篇 |
2003年 | 192篇 |
2002年 | 158篇 |
2001年 | 126篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5673条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
12.
We have studied the efficiency of research in the EU by a percentile-based citation approach that analyzes the distribution of country papers among the world papers. Going up in the citation scale, the frequency of papers from efficient countries increases while the frequency from inefficient countries decreases. In the percentile-based approach, this trend, which is uniform at any citation level, is measured by the ep index that equals the Ptop 1%/Ptop 10% ratio. By using the ep index we demonstrate that EU research on fast-evolving technological topics is less efficient than the world average and that the EU is far from being able to compete with the most advanced countries. The ep index also shows that the USA is well ahead of the EU in both fast- and slow-evolving technologies, which suggests that the advantage of the USA over the EU in innovation is due to low research efficiency in the EU. In accord with some previous studies, our results show that the European Commission’s ongoing claims about the excellence of EU research are based on a wrong diagnosis. The EU must focus its research policy on the improvement of its inefficient research. Otherwise, the future of Europeans is at risk. 相似文献
13.
目的 探讨细胞周期调节p14ARF-MDM2-p53通路在宫颈上皮癌变过程中的作用.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测18例正常宫颈上皮、48例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)和23例宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织p14ARF、MDM2及p53蛋白的表达.结果 p14ARF蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为28%、42%和78%,宫颈鳞癌组表达较正常上皮和CIN组升高(P<0.05);MDM2蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为0%、23%和43%,CIN和宫颈鳞癌组较正常宫颈上皮表达升高(P<0.05);p53蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为6%、31%和39%,CIN及宫颈鳞癌组表达水平较正常宫颈上皮升高(P<0.05);统计分析未发现三种蛋白的表达存在显著相关性.结论 p14ARF-MDM2-p53细胞周期调节通路与宫颈癌发生发展有关并有望用于CIN及宫颈癌的诊断. 相似文献
14.
基于P2P的分布式检索模式的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在开发数据检索系统中,检索的模式是系统的关键 .本文运用P2P(Peer to Peer)技术设计了一种分布式检索模式NSDSM(NetShot Data sea rches mode),并详细设计了模式的体系结构和模式参考实现.最后,给出了模式的应用和进一步工作的展望. 相似文献
15.
Serap uhadar Hayat
zkanay-Yrük Mehmet Kseolu Kaan Katrcolu 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2022,32(2)
IntroductionBlood gas analysis (BGA) is an essential test used for years to provide vital information in critically ill patients. However, the instability of the blood gases is a problem. We aimed to evaluate time and temperature effects on blood gas stability.Materials and methodsArterial blood was collected from 20 patients into syringes. Following BGA for baseline, syringes were divided into groups to stand at 4°C and 22°C for 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes. All were tested for pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), oxygen saturation (sO2), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, oxygen tension at 50% hemoglobin saturation (p50), and bicarbonate. A subgroup analysis was performed to detect the effect of air on results during storage. Percentage deviations were calculated and compared against the preset quality specifications for allowable total error.ResultsAt 4°C, pO2 was the least stable parameter. At 22°C, pO2 remained stable for 120 min, pH and glucose for 90 min, lactate and pCO2 for 60 min. Glucose and lactate were stable when chilled. Air bubbles interfered pO2 regardless of temperatures, whereas pCO2 increased significantly at 22°C after 30 min, and pH decreased after 90 min. Bicarbonate, sO2, O2Hb, sodium, and potassium were the unaffected parameters.ConclusionsCorrect BGA results are essential, and arterial sample is precious. Therefore, if immediate analysis cannot be performed, up to one hour, syringes stored at room temperature will give reliable results when care is taken to minimize air within the blood gas specimen. 相似文献
16.
近年来随着p2p(peer-to-peer)文件共享软件的广泛使用,知识产权的保护问题日益突出,由于p2p文件共享软件允许对等点之间直接的文件交换,并且较少的依赖服务器的管理,版权保护越发困难。本文首先分析了p2p网络下知识产权保护面临的困难,以及目前数字版权管理系统DRM(DigitalRightsManagement)系统面临的挑战,提出了两种适用于p2p文件共享的数字版权管理方案,并分析和讨论了目前存在的问题,最后指出了进一步的研究方向。 相似文献
17.
We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the or-thopyroxenes have high XMg and A12O3 contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO2 and XMg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around -56.7℃, indicating a pure CO2 species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3-23.8℃ translating into CO2 densities of the order of 0.86-0.88 g/cm3. Based on prelim 相似文献
18.
X5045芯片是美国Xicor公司生产的集“看门狗”定时器、电压监控和串行E2PROM三项功能于一体的专用集成芯片。本文介绍了X5045芯片的结构、功能、工作原理以及X5045在智能低压综合保护装置中的应用,给出了X5045芯片与AT89S52单片机的硬件接口电路,编写出相应C51应用程序,并成功应用于低压综合保护装置中,取得了令人满意的效果。 相似文献
19.
本文分析了数据库系统的不安全因素.在简要介绍JAVA安全体系结构基础上结合JAAS来实现对用户身份的验证和授权以达到保护用户连接的目的、利用JSSE实现SSL隧道封装保护JDBC的传输,接着讨论了利用数据库管理系统提供的一些安全机制来加强数据库的安全.文章最后还提出了对高度机密的数据采用数据库加密的解决方案. 相似文献
20.
乙烯式卤代烃难发生亲核取代反应,反应历程研究受到限制.在双键碳中引入超离去基,反应顺利进行,且立体构型发生反转,证明该反应为SN2历程. 相似文献