证券市场的泛信息不对称状态及其优化--基于信息传递流程的分析

证券市场是一个对信息高度依赖的市场，也是一个“泛信息不对称”的市场，“提高信息透明度”已经成为各国证券监管机构的重要监管目标。泛信息不对称状态产生于信息传递的各个环节，并在不同的环节受到不同因素的影响和制约。本文将信息的传递分成四个阶段，分析了在不同的传递阶段信息不对称产生的诱因，并针对这些诱因提出了相应的优化措施。通过这种信息传递流程的分析方法，不仅可以深化对证券市场信息不对称状态的认识，还可以为“泛信息不对称状态”的优化提供新的策略。     

Managing Uncertainty for Preventive Conservation

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how conservators engage with uncertainty when creating preventive conservation strategies. It argues that by recognising contexts in which uncertainty will be encountered conservators can develop effective management strategies. A typology of uncertainty explores a range of categories of uncertainty, their experience in preventive conservation and identifies distinct approaches to manage them. Managing uncertainty may include acts of defining its parameters, exposing and resolving through communication or protecting from with contingency. Whatever approach is adopted it must be accepted that uncertainty cannot be avoided. It is important therefore to aim to live well with uncertainty and the paper advocates for preventive conservation applications of strategies recommended in health care for patients with life-threatening illnesses. These strategies include working on things that can be controlled, goal setting, acceptance and factoring in emotions. The ability to identify contexts in which uncertainty is inbuilt should trigger those concerned with preventive conservation to activate strategies developed for managing and living well with uncertainty.     

Benefits to Collection Development Librarians from Collaborating with “Community-Embedded” Librarians-In-Training

The 21st century collection manager encounters serious challenges in collection development (e.g., budget shortages, lack of skilled personnel, lower agency prioritization, and reduced available staff time). This article explores a practical, low-cost solution to these challenges that prevent collection developers from regularly creating/managing adequately balanced collections. It discusses the role of 93 “community-embedded” librarians-in-training to develop contextually situated collections in a graduate course taught seven times in an information sciences program in a southern land grant university. Findings of collection management activity tasks completed during the course provide evidence of accrued tangible outcomes/benefits to motivate collection development librarians and their information agencies collaborate with librarians-in-training in future initiatives.     

Information-seeking behavior of economics graduate students: If you buy it,will they come?

The information-seeking behavior of social science graduate students has been the subject of many studies, but none have concentrated only on the economics graduate student population and their unique needs. The purpose of this focus group study was to use group discussions to understand the actual online behavior of graduate economics students when conducting research. The results provide insight and information about the skills and characteristics of economics graduate students, their first steps in conducting research online, their use of publicly available and library resources, challenges to finding information, and resources used to overcome these challenges.     

Technological research in the EU is less efficient than the world average. EU research policy risks Europeans’ future

We have studied the efficiency of research in the EU by a percentile-based citation approach that analyzes the distribution of country papers among the world papers. Going up in the citation scale, the frequency of papers from efficient countries increases while the frequency from inefficient countries decreases. In the percentile-based approach, this trend, which is uniform at any citation level, is measured by the e_p index that equals the P_{top 1%}/P_{top 10%} ratio. By using the e_p index we demonstrate that EU research on fast-evolving technological topics is less efficient than the world average and that the EU is far from being able to compete with the most advanced countries. The e_p index also shows that the USA is well ahead of the EU in both fast- and slow-evolving technologies, which suggests that the advantage of the USA over the EU in innovation is due to low research efficiency in the EU. In accord with some previous studies, our results show that the European Commission’s ongoing claims about the excellence of EU research are based on a wrong diagnosis. The EU must focus its research policy on the improvement of its inefficient research. Otherwise, the future of Europeans is at risk.     

科学过程技能的性别差异

本研究运用表现性评价方式评价科学过程技能,结果发现男女学生的总体科学过程技能不存在差异,但除找出变量之外,其他各过程技能均存在差异。最后,针对这种性别差异讨论了相应的教学和评价建议。     

无词典中英文混合术语抽取及算法研究

中英文混合术语可作为未登录词处理、加权处理和歧义消解等的辅助信息,并有助于提高中文信息处理的质量。依据长度递减与串频统计思想,本文提出了一种中英文混合术语的抽取方法。该方法不需要词典,不需要事先进行语料库的学习,不需要建立字索引,而是依靠统计信息,抽取出支持度大于等于阈值的中英文混合术语。该算法能够有效地抽取出文本中新涌现的通用词、专业术语及专有名词。实验显示该方法不受语料限制,能够快速、准确地进行中英文混合术语的抽取。     

论中国个人名称标目的区分问题

中国人的姓氏具有姓氏数量相对于总人口的比例严重短缺、各汉字姓氏在人口中的实际分布严重失衡、取名用字高度集中等特点。在中文编目规范控制过程中对中国个人名称标目进行区分尤为重要。中国个人名称标目的区分问题包括对古代个人名称和现代个人名称标目形式的问题;标目附加成分选取标准的控制原则、附加成分类型的划分和属性的分析等。将文献计量学的概念引入规范控制研究领域,会进一步丰富编目规则修订工作的信息来源,有助于拓展规范控制的研究领域。参考文献12。