‘In and against the museum’: the contested spaces of museum education for adults

This paper focuses on museum and gallery education for adults in Dundee, Scotland. Dundee has recently experienced a shift from being mainly working class to an educational, cultural and tourist centre. Hence, an interesting field for the examination of the educational policies and practices of the city museums/galleries and the different fashions they receive and act upon wider developments in the museum world has emerged. Questions arising are how the new, open and accessible museum (and gallery) has changed the way education is constructed and offered in the museums in the city? What is the relationship of education with marketing and the new discourse of social inclusion and participation in museums and galleries? For example, one of the most pertinent findings was that, at least in Dundee, activity-based and individual learning has been over-valued, at the expense of a more social and dialogic educational experience that participants seemed to largely prefer and indeed propose as more meaningful to them. Although new ideas and participatory practices have improved attendance and the engagement of the local adult population, other issues, such as the new economic reality for museums and the close relationship of education with marketing are policies that were often treated with resistance, if not opposition, by the research participants.     

‘Who wants to be a travelling teacher?’ Bilingual teachers and weak forms of bilingual education: the Norwegian experience

In this article, I argue that immigrant bilingual teachers and mother‐tongue teachers are not formally recognised as ‘genuine’ teachers in the Norwegian school system. Norwegian education authorities have invested considerable effort in order to strengthen the competences of bilingual teachers and to both recognise and formalise their home country education. Amongst other things, several university colleges were encouraged to provide specially designed higher education programmes for bilingual teachers in order to integrate teachers with bilingual competences into the Norwegian primary school teaching system. This paper is based on data collected in 2007–2008 during the national evaluation of this education, which is the first of its kind in Norway. Although popular amongst immigrant students, it seems that the competences to be gained by graduates of the BA degree programme are not recognised or utilised in the schools where they work. Due to low social status and an unfavourable structural position within the Norwegian school education sector, these teachers will try to distance themselves from their bilingual roles and identities. Within such a framework, the higher education that is intended to strengthen optimum bilingual tuition in the primary schools sector is, in fact, steering bilingual teachers and mother‐tongue teachers away from these more specialised and less valued professions, seeking instead, access into the more mainstream and higher status teaching jobs.     

自动控制原理综合实验系统的设计

介绍了自动控制原理综合实验的系统的设计,采用模拟、数字混合式系统建立了实验平台,并阐述了自动控制原理综合实验的原理.经应用表明,该实验系统对于学生巩固所学基础理论,增强实践能力具有重要的意义.     

基于SIMULINK异步电机矢量控制仿真实验研究

利用Matlab软件中的动态仿真工具Simulink,建立了异步电机矢量控制的仿真模型,并通过仿真实验验证了所建电机矢量控制系统模型的可行性和实用性.该仿真模型对于开发和研究电机调速系统有着重要的意义.     

大弹涂鱼室内外结合人工育苗技术初探

室内外结合人工育苗采用480m2的室外土池投放2龄亲鱼47kg,先后孵出2批仔鱼,通过渠道自然落差收集仔鱼330万尾,在室内经45-47d培育,共育出幼鱼91万尾,平均全长为22.81cm,平均成活率达27.58%.试验表明：室内外结合人工育苗是大弹涂鱼生产性育苗的好方法.     

基于TCP/IP协议的常见攻击方法

TCP/IP协议是目前世界上应用最为广泛的协议.但现在使用的TCP/IP协议存在很多漏洞,对联网主机的安全构成了严重威胁.TCP/IP协议从开始设计时候并没有考虑到现在网络上如此多的威胁,由此导致了许多形形色色的攻击方法.现在就网络中使用的基本通信协议TCP/IP的攻击方法进行探讨.     

OBOParser,一个基于语义网的开放生物学本体解析器

本文以OBO组织制定的规范为对象,开发了一个基于语义网技术的OBO本体解析器——OBOParser。该工具实现了OBO格式与RDF/OWL格式间的平滑转换,可以为生命科学不同研究领域的工作人员提供跨学科的语义查询和推理服务。     

MSI中规模计数器设计课程中的教法探讨

在数字电子技术课程的教学中有一章专门讨论时序逻辑电路的分析与设计,随着MSI中规模芯片的普及,大量的MSI计数器芯片进入了教材。由于课时的限制,教师不可能全面讲授这类芯片的设计方法,从而导致许多同学在考研时或在毕业后的工作中遇到不同的MSI芯片设计时就会出现困难。为此在本文中,我利用多年的教学经验总结归纳了此类问题的相关特征和简便的设计方法,为在校电子专业学习的同学们和从事电子专业教学的教师们提供一个参考。     

美国大学面对财政危机的人事对策：兼职教授与教授终身制

在州政府减少对高等教育拨款的情况下美国大学采取了开源和截流两种方式来缓解财政困境。本文以风险社会理论为框架,应用定量研究方法探讨了美国大学在应对经济困境和质量之间的矛盾时采用的教师选拔制度。研究发现,美国公立大学在过去的十年中（1999年至2008年）经历了学费、杂费和食宿费的迅速增长期,而这些增长很大程度上是以美国在校大学生债台高筑为代价的,过度开源使上大学难成为社会关注的焦点,公众和政府的压力迫使大学把焦点部分地转移到截流。美国大学财政截流的基本方式是在不严重影响质量的前提下,选用兼职教师代替全职教师。各大学特别是研究型大学,使用了相对严格的终身职提拔制和年终教师评审制以保障教师的质量,进而保障大学的质量。在风险社会中,美国大学所面临的困境是全球大学正在或即将面临的共同课题。希望美国大学人事截流又着力保障质量的实践为中国高等教育人事制度改革提供一种可能的借鉴。

Abstract：

When states reduce appropriations to high education,American universities take two methods to cope with the fiscal crisis：increasing revenue（including tuition,fee）and reducing spending on hiring faculty.By using Theory of Risk Society and quantitative methods,this paper explores how American universities deal with contradictions between fiscal difficulties and quality of universities.The research found that under the condition of ensuring basic quality,universities often employ part time rather than full time faculty.Relatively higher standards of tenure system and faculty annual review further ensure quality of teachers.The problems that American universities face are the global problem,which other parts of the world are encountering now or will encounter in the future in a risk society.The author expects that the experiences of American universities in this regard will provide one of the lessons for China＇s reform in human resource management in higher education.