劳伦斯小说《虹》研究综述（1955—2009）

对英国现代主义时期颇有争议的作家D．H．劳伦斯的综述,国内主要对其全部作品作了20年的评述。到目前为止国内外尚未见到对其“最好”、“最严肃”、“内容丰富”的长篇小说《虹》的研究综述,鉴于此,论文从历史的纬度对劳伦斯《虹》的50年（1955—2009）研究进行回顾与综述。     

The reality of virtual worlds: pros and cons of their application to foreign language teaching

This article presents our experience of testing the OpenSim platform as a tool in teaching French to 108 tourism students at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain). The article begins with some theoretical reflections on the behaviour of the student when using a virtual platform by means of an avatar, and with our observations of how this doubling of identity is actually the greatest asset of virtual worlds when we intend to apply them to teaching (1. Introduction). Then we move on to present our goals and method of work (2. Aims and methodology) and to analyse the development of the virtual space or sim, setting out the teaching strategies that were employed in each of the islands we created, and which correspond to reading comprehension, listening comprehension and written expression (3. Metaverse design). In order to assess the language learning results, we also devised tests throughout the experiment, which were repeated one month later. The assessment shows that the process of language acquisition is positive (4. Results analysis). Finally, we demonstrate that the rise of virtual worlds has been backed up by psycholinguistic factors, but at the same time their applicability and sustainability depend on technical aspects and very especially on theoretical and pedagogical tenets which are still to be drawn up (5. Conclusions).     

Diagnosing Global Case Influence on MAR Versus MNAR Model Comparisons

When missingness is suspected to be not at random (MNAR) in longitudinal studies, researchers sometimes compare the fit of a target model that assumes missingness at random (here termed a MAR model) and a model that accommodates a hypothesized MNAR missingness mechanism (here termed a MNAR model). It is well known that such comparisons are only interpretable conditional on the validity of the chosen MNAR model’s assumptions about the missingness mechanism. For that reason, researchers often perform a sensitivity analysis comparing the MAR model to not one, but several, plausible alternative MNAR models. In the social sciences, it is not widely known that such model comparisons can be particularly sensitive to case influence, such that conclusions drawn could depend on a single case. This article describes two convenient diagnostics suited for detecting case influence on MAR–MNAR model comparisons. Both diagnostics require much less computational burden than global influence diagnostics that have been used in other disciplines for MNAR sensitivity analyses. We illustrate the interpretation and implementation of these diagnostics with simulated and empirical latent growth modeling examples. It is hoped that this article increases awareness of the potential for case influence on MAR–MNAR model comparisons and how it could be detected in longitudinal social science applications.     

Software review

STATISTICA 5.0. StatSoft, 2325 East 13th Street, Tulsa, OK 74104, (918) 583–4149. $995 retail, academic site license—$2,000 for 10 copies. Requirements: 386 or better, 4 Meg RAM, Microsoft Windows 3.1 or 95.     

Validation of the child sex abuse attitude scale through confirmatory factor analysis

A validation study was conducted on the Child Sex Abuse Attitude Scale (CSAAS) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine factor structure. The CSAAS was developed based on Festinger's (1957) theory of attitude development resulting in a 4‐factor first‐order structure (cognition, value, affect, and behavior) and a single‐factor 2nd‐order structure (attitude). A sample of 215 school psychologists, members of the National Association of School Psychologists, responded to the CSAAS survey. CFA results supported the hypothesized factor structure of the CSAAS, thus indicating the plausibility of a 4‐factor 1st‐order and a single‐factor higher order structure of the CSAAS.     

Explaining Method Effects Associated With Negatively Worded Items in Trait and State Global and Domain-Specific Self-Esteem Scales

Several investigators have interpreted method effects associated with negatively worded items in a substantive way. This research extends those studies in different ways: (a) it establishes the presence of methods effects in further populations and particular scales, and (b) it examines the possible relations between a method factor associated with negatively worded items and several covariates. Two samples were assessed: 592 high school students from Valencia (Spain), and 285 batterers from the same city. The self-esteem scales used were Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the State Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Esteem 17. Anxiety was also assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and gender and educational level were taken into account. The models were conducted using a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model framework. The evidence in this research pointed out that method effects were present across the different measures of self-esteem. Moreover, a significant and negative effect of anxiety on method effects was present across scales and samples, whereas no effects of age or educational level where found.     

Fitting Nonlinear Latent Growth Curve Models With Individually Varying Time Points

Individual growth trajectories of psychological phenomena are often theorized to be nonlinear. Additionally, individuals’ measurement schedules might be unique. In a structural equation framework, latent growth curve model (LGM) applications typically have either (a) modeled nonlinearity assuming some degree of balance in measurement schedules, or (b) accommodated truly individually varying time points, assuming linear growth. This article describes how to fit 4 popular nonlinear LGMs (polynomial, shape-factor, piecewise, and structured latent curve) with truly individually varying time points, via a definition variable approach. The extension is straightforward for certain nonlinear LGMs (e.g., polynomial and structured latent curve) but in the case of shape-factor LGMs requires a reexpression of the model, and in the case of piecewise LGMs requires introduction of a general framework for imparting piecewise structure, along with tools for its automation. All 4 nonlinear LGMs with individually varying time scores are demonstrated using an empirical example on infant weight, and software syntax is provided. The discussion highlights some advantages of modeling nonlinear growth within structural equation versus multilevel frameworks, when time scores individually vary.     

基子VRML的虚拟现实研究

在3DSMAX中建立三维场景造型并进行材质编辑和渲染等处理后,把场景输出为vrml文件格式,在vrml软件中构建了一个虚报现实场景。虚拟现实场景能产一种生动逼真的效果,浏览者可以控制场景并与之进行交互,进入场景里面,真实感受视觉冲击。     

便携式两轴跟踪转台结构及控制系统的设计

主要对跟踪转台的伺服控制系统进行了设计和研究,阐述了跟踪转台的工作原理及其功能。综合考虑到一些影响转台稳态精度和动态性能的因素后,采用两环反馈来设计控制系统从而完成了对整个伺服控制系统的硬件和软件的整体设计。     

基于VR的少年儿童交通安全教育交互体验式训练系统研究

少年儿童交通安全教育在当前我国具有十分重要的意义,但目前针对少年儿童的交通安全教育基本上还是采用效果较差的灌输式教育,其主要的原因就是缺乏有效的教育方法、手段和教育平台。利用虚拟现实技术通过创建三维虚拟交通体验场景和实现人机交互功能构建的交通安全教育训练系统,不仅让广大少年儿童能身临其境般融入到虚拟交通环境中,以体验各种交通行为来学习交通安全知识,而且还可以通过在逼真的虚拟交通环境中安全穿越马路的训练来提高他们正确过马路的技能,避免与机动车发生碰撞,减少交通事故的发生。