基于Bookmetrix的G20国家图书影响力比较研究

[目的/意义]对比分析G20国家图书影响力的现状，为我国提升图书国际影响力提供借鉴。[方法/过程]选择Springer收录的5个学科（化学、工程、医学、法律、历史）图书为样本，以Bookmetrix为数据源，在讨论指标覆盖率与相关性的基础上，从图书的产出数量、5类指标（下载量、引用量、提及量、读者量及评论量）以及合著关系3个方面展开比较分析。[结果/结论]研究发现：1）在指标覆盖率和相关性方面，整体情况与中、美、德等国家层面的表现类似。体现为图书的下载量覆盖率最高，读者量和引用量相关性值较高且稳定。2）中国的国际图书产出量与德国、美国、英国存在较大差距，但在指标均值、综合排名方面表现良好。3）在G20国家图书合著网络中，人文社科类图书国际合作强度明显低于理工类学科；美国、德国具有较高的科研合作实力与影响力；中国的国际合作具有一定基础，但整体影响力作用并不突出。     

R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.     

中国石竹科石头花属二新种

 Gypsophila huashanensis Y. W. Tsui et D. Q. Lu and G. spinosa D. Q. Lu (Caryophyllaceae) are described as new from China.     

Commercialization of patents and external financing during the R&D phase

Using a unique database on Swedish patents owned by small firms and individuals, survival models estimate how different factors influence the decision to commercialize the patents. Such an analysis has seemingly never previously been undertaken. Since the owners know more about the patents than potential external financiers, problems related to asymmetrical information are present. To overcome these problems when inventors and small technology-based firms need financing, Sweden has for a long time relied on government support rather than private venture capital firms. The empirical results show that the larger is the share of patent-owners’ costs covered by government financial support during the R&D phase, the lower is the probability of patents being commercialized. This lower degree of commercialization is likely to depend on (1) the soft terms of the government loans, where the patent owner can avoid paying back the loan if the patent is never commercialized and/or (2) that the government is not able to select promising projects. The first explanation is related to moral hazard and the second one to adverse selection. The policy suggestion is for government to change the design of the loans, to base them on firms rather than projects.     

固网运营商ICT业务转型的SWOT分析

随着新技术的发展和移动通信对固定通信的替代,以中国电信和中国网通为主的固网运营商面临传统业务下滑的形式,另一方面随着技术进步而产生的通信技术与信息技术的融合又为固网运营商提供了新的发展机遇。本文以SWOT分析工具,对固网运营商ICT业务转型从优势、劣势以及潜在机遇、面临挑战四方面进行分析,并提出相关建议。     

智慧阅读服务概念界定及国内相关研究评析

[目的/意义] 对智慧阅读服务概念进行界定,梳理国内近3年的相关研究成果,为该领域的研究发展提供参考。[方法/过程] 在CNKI对2017年以来国内的相关研究成果进行检索,梳理相关研究文献,分析研究热点,归纳智慧阅读服务的分析框架,并对未来的研究进行展望。[结果/结论] 2017年以来国内智慧阅读服务研究成果主要包括智慧阅读服务系统与平台、用户、服务内容与策略、服务评价、服务管理等,智慧阅读服务内容与策略、用户是其中两个研究热点方向,研究较多的热点信息技术是大数据与人工智能技术、虚拟现实技术。智慧阅读服务将是未来的研究热点,技术与用户是未来研究的重点方向。     

《上博五·三德》简札记二则

《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》第五册里有一批简被命名为《三德》。简1中的"句■",整理者读为"後奮",我们认为"句"应该读如本字,古侯切,今音gōu。句,屈生也。奋,发也。"句奮"的意思就是指草木发芽生长。简6中的"■"字,目前学者们有四种通假意见。四种意见虽各有道理,但并不能令人完全信服。我们根据楚地出土古文字材料中的谐声例证,认为"■"通为"虑",训为"乱"。     

3,4-二甲氧基苯胺的合成工艺

以藜芦醚为原料,用硝酸在0～5 ℃时硝化得到3,4-二甲氧基硝基苯,然后在混合溶剂(水和乙醇)中,用Fe/HAc将3,4-二甲氧基硝基苯还原成3,4-二甲氧基苯胺.两步反应总收率为91.4%,纯度≥98.0%.     

浅谈"3S"技术在土地利用管理中的应用

土地是人类赖以生存的物质基础,利用以"3S"为代表的信息技术对土地利用进行动态管理和区域规划是未来的发展趋势.本文对"3S"技术作了简要介绍,重点从其技术方面分析了"3S"技术在土地利用现状调查、土地利用规划以及土地利用动态监测中的应用,并预测"3S"技术的未来发展趋势.     

银氨溶液呈碱性的探究

从实验测定数据、理论分析对"银氨溶液显碱性"进行了分析和探究,并详细阐述了银氨溶液氧化乙醛的反应机理及本质特征.