‘Go over there and look at the pictures in the book’: an investigation of educational marginalisation,social interactions and achievement motivation in an alternative middle school setting

The middle years of school represent a time of educational turbulence, serving to marginalise some students from educational opportunities. Much research has focussed on individual cognitive factors influencing educational engagement, with less attention directed towards social interactions. Theoretically positioned within an expectancy–value model of achievement motivation, this study draws on the lived experience of a 12-year-old student within an alternative school in South Australia, Australia, to explore how social encounters may contribute to educational marginalisation. Findings from a narrative case study employing a semi-structured interview suggested that connections exist between social influences, such as interactions with teachers and peers, and subsequent achievement motivation. This study suggests that social interactions are critical determinants to an individual's educational engagement, affecting educational ability, expectancy and value beliefs.     

Urban teachers’ perceptions of inclusion of migrant children in the Chinese educational institution: a comparative study

Recently China has been undergoing an unprecedented urbanisation process which has resulted in millions of rural families living in urban areas. As part of a study of Chinese migrant children's educational experiences, surveys and interviews were conducted with primary school teachers in a metropolitan city in East China. The objectives of this study were to describe teachers’ perceptions of migrant children's education in both migrant schools and in public schools, and to investigate differences in their beliefs between school types. Results found that urban teachers’ perceptions of educational inclusion of migrant students were slightly negative in general. However, teachers in public schools showed significantly more positive attitudes to inclusion of migrant students than migrant school teachers. In the light of these findings, the paper concludes with implications for practice and policy for education of migrant children in China.     

Latin American immigrant women and intergenerational sex education

People of Latin American descent make up the largest and fastest-growing minority group in the USA. Rates of pregnancy, childbirth, and sexually transmitted infections among people of Latin American descent are higher than among other ethnic groups. This paper builds on research that suggests that among families of Latin American descent, mothers have a particularly strong influence on the sexual attitudes and behaviours of their children, yet that parents of Latin American descent communicate less with their children about sex than parents of other ethnic groups. It examines the messages about sex women received as children in their countries of origin, and how these messages and their views of the USA influence the sexual education women provide for their children. On the basis of data from focus groups, we suggest that, in spite of the persistence of sexual silence, some women's self-reflective analyses of their own sexual education as well as their views of the USA as a sexually more open society contribute to their views of silence as dangerous and trigger more open communication with sons and daughters. Mothers hope to break the cycle of unwanted pregnancy by speaking with daughters about the consequences of menstruation and with sons about contraception.     

Fe3O4（100）／STO（100）薄膜的制备及磁输运特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法,以烧结的Fe3O4为靶材,在STO（100）基底上制备了Fe3O4（100）薄膜。XRD和AFM显示薄膜为纯相外延单晶薄膜、表面较平整。对薄膜的磁电阻进行测量,薄膜为负磁电阻,且在Verwey转变温度（约120K）时磁电阻最大。霍尔效应测量得到薄膜中栽流子浓度随着温度的降低而减小,In（n）与I／T基本呈线性关系,符合半导体热激活模型,迁移率随着温度的降低而减小,说明在薄膜内存在大量电离杂质中心。薄膜磁滞回线中较高的饱和磁化场。说明薄膜中APBs密度较低。     

SO4^2--/La2 O3-ZrO2-HZSM-5催化合成柠檬酸酯

首次合成了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2--/La2O3-ZrO2-HZSM-5,并用其合成了六种柠檬酸酯,分析了催化剂用量、焙烧温度、反应时间、醇酸比等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明：500℃焙烧3 h所得催化剂活性最好,柠檬酸酯的酯化率可达91.5%以上,高碳醇的酯化率高于低碳醇的酯化率,且该催化剂具有良好的重复使用和再生能力。     

苯并咪唑类光致发光化合物的合成及性能研究

以邻苯二胺和2-氯苯甲酸、4-甲氧基苯甲酸、2,6-吡啶二羧酸为原料,在多聚磷酸(PPA)的催化下,用微波辐射法分别合成2-(2-氯苯基)苯并咪唑、2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并咪唑和2,6-二(2-苯并咪唑基)吡啶.通过测定熔点、元素分析、红外光谱(IR)、核磁(1HNMR)及紫外光谱(UV)对这三种苯并咪唑类化合物进行了表征,并对合成工艺进行了初步探讨.荧光测试表明,这三种化合物分别在发射波长λ发射=364.0 nm、345.0 nm、376.0 nm处具有较强的蓝色荧光发射.     

Modeling Ability Differentiation in the Second-Order Factor Model

In this article we present factor models to test for ability differentiation. Ability differentiation predicts that the size of IQ subtest correlations decreases as a function of the general intelligence factor. In the Schmid–Leiman decomposition of the second-order factor model, we model differentiation by introducing heteroscedastic residuals, nonlinear factor loadings, and a skew-normal second-order factor distribution. Using marginal maximum likelihood, we fit this model to Spanish standardization data of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.) to test the differentiation hypothesis.     

高职高专大学生英语四、六级考试社会维度

在社会调查的基础上分析了大学英语四、六级考试在高职高专的影响,分析高职高专学生英语学习的动机,对四、六级考试的态度,四、六级考试对学生学习的反拨作用,以及学生对其他考试的了解程度;对高职高专英语教学中正确看待四、六级考试和教学评价制度改革提出建议。     

Professional learning during a schools–university partnership Master of Education course: teachers’ perspectives of their learning experiences

An extensive body of research has indicated the benefits of collaborative, contextualised and enquiry-based learning for teachers’ professional development and school improvement. Yet professional learning is also known to be constrained by a number of factors, including the organisational limitations of schools, conflicting cultural practices and wider political demands. Schools–university partnerships have been developed to overcome some of these difficulties by transcending particular school contexts and offering alternative theoretical and practical perspectives. The complex combination of motivations, backgrounds and working contexts in such partnership work calls for attention to the individual and collective learning experiences of those involved, including the ways in which school and university contexts are, or could be, effectively bridged. This paper focuses on understanding the learning experienced by a cohort of teachers and school leaders involved in a two-year schools–university partnership Master of Education (M.Ed.) course in England. A mixed group of 15 experienced primary and secondary teachers and school leaders reflected on their learning at five points of time during and shortly after completing their M.Ed. course. Qualitative analysis of the group’s interview responses and reflective writing led to the identification of six related aspects of personal and professional learning experience: being a learner; learning as part of professional practice; widening repertoire; changing as a learner; personal growth; and critically adaptive practice. The identification and visual representation of these aspects of experience emerging within the group offers useful insight into teachers’ perspectives on learning in school and university contexts and their experiences of progression over time. We conclude that more explicit and central attention to the professional and personal learning elements of schools–university partnerships can help to resolve some of the binary ‘theory–practice’ tensions that have been extensively discussed in relation to partnership programmes and teacher professional development. There is a need to acknowledge variation in teachers’ learning experiences within schools–university partnerships, bearing in mind the ongoing nature of this reflective process with each new group of school and university colleagues. Analysis of participants’ learning experiences in school and university contexts also draws attention to the wider structures, values and cultures that influence, and are influenced by, schools–university partnership work.