上海研发公共服务平台子系统间协同机制研究

上海研发公共服务平台是国家科技基础条件平台的重要组成部分,其十个子系统基本涵盖研发活动全过程.研发活动的综合性使其往往存在多种资源和服务需求,需要整体解决方案,但目前各子系统独立运行,子系统间需要协同.通过分析研发活动协同需求,确定协同内涵及目标,设计协同服务概念模型,对平台实施协同服务提出政策建议.     

Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to performance in selected physical tests

Abstract

The aims of the present study were (1) to analyse the physical demands of top-class referees and (2) to compare their official FIFA fitness test results with physical performance during a match. The work rate profiles of 11 international referees were assessed during 12 competitive matches at the 2003 FIFA Under-17 World Cup and then analysed using a bi-dimensional photogrammetric video analysis system based on direct lineal transformation (DLT) algorithms. In the first 15 min of matches, the referees were more active, performing more high-intensity exercise (P < 0.01) than in the first 15 min of the second half. During the second half of matches, the referees covered a shorter distance (P < 0.01), spent more time standing still (P < 0.05), and covered less ground cruising (P < 0.05), sprinting (P < 0.05), and moving backwards (P < 0.001) than in the first half. Also in the second 45 min, the distance of referees from infringements increased (P < 0.05) in the left attacking zone of the filed. There was also a decrease (P < 0.05) in performance in the period following the most high-intensity activity, compared with the mean for the 90 min. Time spent performing high-intensity activities during a match was not related to performance in the 12-min run (r ² = 0.30; P < 0.05), the 200-m sprint (r ² = 0.05; P < 0.05), or the 50-m sprint (r ² = 0.001; P < 0.05). The results of this study show that: (1) top-class referees experienced fatigue at different stages of the match, and (2) the typical field tests used by FIFA (two 50-m and 200-m sprints, followed by a 12-min run) are not correlated with match activities.     

Automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D solid NURBS models

An automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D geological solid models is presented.The 3D geological models are built applying the non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) technique,and a 2D profile can be calculated and generated automatically through Boolean operation to meet the demands of dredging projects.Moreover,an automatic marking method for geological attributes is put forward based on database technology,and the geological attributes include the profile name,scale,horizontal and vertical relative coordinates,geological lithology,and 2D standard lithology legend.At the same time,the automatic marking method can also provide an interactive mode for geological engineers to edit and modify the profile in the modeling system.Practical engineering applications show that the automatic generation method is a simple,flexible,fast and precise visual graphics rendering process that can create 2D standard profiles automatically and efficiently.This method also provides a convenient support tool for geological engineering digital analysis.     

公共科研机构绩效评价测度体系研究

科技过程的复杂性和创新产出的多样性使得对公共科研机构投入与产出的量度难以全面而完整,因而到目前为止依然没有形成一套相对标准化并普遍适用的测度体系。为此,本文引入结构化方法和经济学模型,建立了基于知识生产函数的公共科研机构绩效评价测度体系。应用结果表明,该测度体系通过量度实际产出和计算理论平均产出,实现了同类研究机构间横向与纵向的比较,为公共科研机构的绩效管理提供了更为科学的定量依据。     

研发合作形成的信任因素分析

前期学者多从策略的角度研究研发合作,但在研发合作形成过程中,主体间相互信任的影响更为重要.从信任与企业的互动关系出发,分别从路径依赖,交易成本,合作机会以及知识整合与扩散几个角度围绕信任对研发合作形成过程的影响作了深入的分析.     

Relative efficiency of R&D activities: A cross-country study accounting for environmental factors in the DEA approach

This paper applies the production framework associated with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the relative efficiency of R&D activities across countries. R&D capital stocks and manpower are treated as inputs while patents and academic publications are considered as outputs. A three-stage approach, which involves using DEA for evaluating efficiency and using Tobit regressions for controlling the external environment, is applied to 30 countries in recent years. The results show that less than one-half of the countries are fully efficient in R&D activities and that more than two-thirds are at the stage of increasing returns to scale. Most countries have a more significant advantage in producing SCI cum EI publications than in generating patents.     

研究开发费用会计处理的国际比较及其设想

通过对研究开发费用的性质、内容及特点的分析，以及与研究开发费用会计处理的国际比较，结合我国研究开发费用的会计处理及存在问题，提出了对研究开发费用会计处理的具体设想。     

中日博士生学位论文指导的比较分析——基于"研究生学习与生活调查"的数据

本文选取了博士生论文的确定途径、博士生的研究与导师研究之间的关系、博士生跟导师探讨博士论文的频率和博士生对导师指导论文的认可程度这四个维度,比较分析了中日两国博士生学习与生活的数据.结果发现,我国博士生在学位论文指导过程中需要进一步提高科研自主性和独立性,加强导师与博士生之间的互动,更好地发挥导师的引导和决策作用,才能提高博士生创新能力,保证博士生培养的质量.     

反真实材质在三维教学动画中的应用探索

计算机三维动画在中小学及高校的学科教学中发挥着重要的作用,以往的教学三维动画的画面大多采用写实的风格,随着技术的发展,出现了反真实(卡通型)材质,它突出简约的色彩层次和鲜明的轮廓线条,为创作二维动画风格的三维动画提供了条件。本文探讨的就是如何利用反真实(卡通)材质的特点,设计风格新颖的教学动画。     

安徽R&D投入产出水平的实证分析

在国内外的研究基础上,结合安徽特有的基本情况,建立了一套评价安徽省各市R&D投入产出综合水平指 标体系,运用主成分分析和聚类分析,客观的评价了安徽省各地市R&D投入产出水平。评价结果表明,“合芜蚌”试验 区引领带动着全省R&D投入产出水平,“皖江带”城市R&D投入产出水平两极分化严重,而“皖北”地区则有崛起的势 头,从而为各市提升R&D投入产出水平提供参考依据。