Peer Teachers With Autism Teaching 3D Modeling

ABSTRACT

Few autism programmes address the needs of adolescents and young adults, and those that do are unlikely to include individuals with autism in the design and evaluation of the programme. This study involved nine youth with autism (ages 16–25) in the development and evaluation of a peer teaching programme where they taught three-dimensional modelling to other students with autism spectrum disorder. The methodology was participant-oriented research where the students with autism were co-designers and programme evaluators in the research. This approach highlighted their unique strengths and abilities and shifted the power such that they were leaders and not simply the recipients of knowledge from instructors. Four themes emerged through the qualitative analysis of the students’ perceptions of the peer teaching programme: 1) the meaning of peer teaching, 2) motivations for peer teaching, 3) challenges and 4) coping with the challenges of the role.     

一种基于虚拟现实的气象灾害逃生演练系统构建

随着虚拟现实技术的发展,模拟真实的气象灾害成为可能。基于虚拟现实技术,构建气象灾害逃生演练系统,通过逼真的气象灾害场景训练,不仅可以提高体验者的兴趣,还能增强其临场感以及面对气象灾害的应急处理及逃生能力。利用计算机设备构建生动逼真的虚拟环境,让体验者拥有身临其境之感,使他们能更方便、更直接地融入虚拟空间,并通过语言、手势、感官等与计算机进行实时交互。与传统逃生演练方式相比,基于虚拟现实技术的气象灾害逃生演练系统优势明显,具有广阔应用空间。     

中药材绵萆薢的主要原植物

中药材绵萆解的主要原植物，经与采自日本的七裂叶萆解Dioscorea septemloba Thunb．     相对照，认为系一新种Dioscorea spongiosa J．Q.Xi，M. Mizuno et W．L．Zhao。该二种主要     区别如下：1．绵萆解地下茎直径3—6cm，色枯黄至黑棕; 叶微波缘或全缘，罕掌裂; 蒴果扁球     形，种翅矩圆形，紫红色。七裂叶萆解地下茎直径1—2cm，色枯黄; 叶全为掌裂; 蒴果倒卵     状; 种翅倒卵形，灰棕色。2．绵萆解花粉粒外壁纹饰肋条状，在七裂叶萆解为网状。3．绵萆解地下茎中柱鞘有众多石细胞，在七裂叶萆解则未见石细胞。4．地下茎甾体皂甙元硅胶G     板层析，以苯：乙酸乙酯：石油醚(4：1：1)展开，磷钼酸显色，二者均现6斑点，绵萆解的第5点     面积和第6点Rf值均较七裂叶萆解大。  5．地下茎甾体皂甙元的紫外光谱检测，绵萆解在399nm处有峰，363有谷; 七裂叶萆解在310有峰，250有谷。     

医院数字化药品库房管理应用研究——以江西省某三甲医院为例

本文以建立一个数字化的新型医院药品库房,提高准确率和工作效率为目的。利用二维码技术、移动数据采集技术和无线网络,将传统模式下药品验收、盘点、药品请领等工作环节充分电子化。新模式下药品验收入库、盘点、药品请领完成时间分别减少70%、41%和40%。数字化技术显著提高了录入的效率和准确率,减轻工作人员的工作负荷。     

Contractual governance and the choice of dispute-resolution mechanisms: Evidence on technology licensing

In fast-paced and knowledge-intensive environments, licensing partnerships can be powerful levers for market expansion. Research on the management of technology-oriented licenses has nonetheless pointed out the risks of corrosive disputes caused by conflicting interests or misunderstandings among licensing partners. The choice made ex ante on mechanisms for resolving potential disputes is of prime importance in the execution of licensing exchanges. Although the legal literature has widely emphasized the advantages of arbitration towards litigation, public ordering remains the “default” option in managers’ eyes. By adopting a transaction cost economics logic, our study explores the conditions under which licensing partners may prefer arbitration over public ordering during the contractual-design phase. In accordance with our theoretical arguments, findings show that the occurrence of arbitration provisions increases when the coordination orientation adopted by licensing partners is extensive. In situations where both monitoring and coordination orientations are simultaneously extensive, results reveal a greater propensity to prefer arbitration over public ordering. Our research therefore supports the view that corporate decision-makers tend to favor the conciliatory stance and compromising awards typically associated with arbitration, only when exchanges are expected to be highly coordinative. Their preference for arbitration over litigation is magnified when the coordination orientation develops alongside the monitoring orientation.     

The interplay of cognitive and relational social capital dimensions in university-industry collaboration: Overcoming the experience barrier

The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners.     

More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level

This study investigates the effect of project-level collaboration breadth (i.e., the number of collaboration partner types) and collaboration depth (i.e., the intensity of the interactions with these partners) on the incremental and radical innovation performance of innovation projects. The econometric analyses, based on a Community Innovation Study sample of 218 innovation projects conducted in German manufacturing companies, reveal inverted U-shaped relationships between collaboration breadth and radical innovation performance and between collaboration depth and incremental innovation performance. These curvilinear effects speak to the high sensitivity of innovation projects to the extent of collaborative activity, which implies that practitioners should exert caution in managing collaborative innovation projects. This study contributes to the understanding of project-level open innovation and to the overall understanding of the performance effects of innovation collaboration, which, following recent assertions in the literature, could be flawed by analyses conducted at the organizational level.     

青藏高原唐古拉山北坡D105点土壤温度的时间序列分析

通过对位于唐古拉山北坡的D105点不同尝试土壤温度时间序列的分析,表明各层日平均土壤温度的时间变化具有很好的年周期,其变化曲线为－正弦曲线。浅层土壤温度的波动比其较深层土壤温度的波动大,但对同一层而言,其波动程度尽管在夏半年略大于冬半年,但差别不大。地表、0.05m和0.2m深处,土壤日最高温度的变化幅度要明显大于最低温的变化幅度;同时,日最高温与日最低温的变化趋势并不完全一致。积雪可能对土壤日最高温、日最低温和日温差有较大影响。地表1a中的最大日温差可达60.4℃（1998年3月27日）,1a中极端日最高温度可达39.7℃,最低湿达－16.5℃。夏半年日温差明显大于冬半年,且日温差随深度的增加而减小,到80cm深处已基本上看不到明显的日温差。     

Behavioural additionality of R&D subsidies: A learning perspective

The use of R&D grants as a policy instrument has been motivated by economic arguments of market failure. Neo-classical econometric studies have analysed the additionality of one Euro of subsidies on both the investments of companies in the R&D process and the output of that R&D process. More recently, behavioural additionality has been launched as a third form of additionality. In contrast to input and output additionality, behavioural additionality is related to changes in the processes that take place within the firm. In this paper, we analyse the determinants of the behavioural additionality of R&D grants. To explain the mechanism through which behavioural additionality is obtained, we use organizational learning theory as a guide to formulate our hypotheses. Hypotheses are tested using a telephone survey of 192 recipients of R&D grants provided by the IWT in Flanders in 2001–2004, matched to a sample of 84 firms that undertake innovation activities but which had never had a grant bid accepted. We find that congenital learning and interorganizational learning lead to increased behavioural additionality. However, these learning effects decrease with the number of subsidized projects that are undertaken by the company.     

同构型知识基础合作研发伙伴的优势

在专利竞赛的压力下,企业普遍选择知识基础多元化、网络化路线。基于汽车产业1999—2010年专利数据和负二项混合回归模型的实证研究表明,企业自身知识基础多元化与创新产出正相关,而自身知识基础网络密度与创新产出负相关;合作研发伙伴知识基础多元化正向调节自身知识基础多元化,合作研发伙伴知识基础网络密度正向调节自身知识基础网络密度。同构型合作研发伙伴有利于企业自身吸收能力的释放,对于提升其创新产出更有优势。