Forty years of Finnish pre-school education: the development of curricula between 1972 and 2000

Since 2001 in Finland, all six year olds have had the right to free pre-school education, and almost all pre-school-aged children take advantage of this opportunity. The purpose of this article is to dissect the development of Finnish pre-school education curricula within the societal context and within the changes in trends of curriculum planning between 1972 and 2000. The study analysed five curricula texts through qualitative content analysis by paying attention to the functions of pre-school education and the positioning of children and educators. The development of pre-school education consisted of four phases: (1) the era of pre-school education trials; (2) the era of heterogeneous pre-school education arrangements; (3) the era of changes in curriculum policies; and (4) the era of pre-school education establishment. The results indicated that the changes in pre-school education curricula related to the changes in Finnish society and in basic education.     

改革开放三十年来我国高考英语科的发展情况

为了完成为高校选拔人才和促进中学素质教育服务的双重任务,高考英语科长期以来一直在借助语言测试研究成果,根据中学英语教学情况进行着改革。本文以英语科在高考中作用的变化和该学科考查内容、试卷结构的逐步调整为线索,回顾了高考英语科三十年来的发展情况,介绍了考试设计人员对考查内容和试卷结构进行历次调整的背景和意图,展示了该学科逐步确立测试重点和拓宽考试范围的历程。     

Playful structure: a novel image of early years pedagogy for primary school classrooms

Playful structure is a new pedagogic image representing a more balanced and integrated perspective on early years pedagogy, aiming to blend apparent dichotomies and contradictions and to sustain and evolve play-based practice beyond Year 1. Playful structure invites teachers and children to initiate and maintain a degree of playfulness in the child’s whole learning experience, even when the learning intentions demand a supportive structure. Thus, playfulness becomes characteristic of the interaction between adult and the child and not just characteristic of child-initiated versus adult-initiated activities, or of play-time versus task-time. The paper is based on intensive observations and interviews with teachers in Northern Ireland who participated in a play-based and informal curriculum. This paper explains how playful structure rests on complementary processes of infusion of structure into play-based activities and infusion of playfulness into more structured activities, illustrated by cameos. ‘Infusion’ suggests the subtle blending process that allows apparent dichotomies and contradictions to be resolved in practice.     

怀化市60-69岁老年人身体素质对比分析

通过文献资料法、实验法、数据统计法对怀化市2005年与2010年国民体质监测数据中60—69岁老年人身体素质,包括力量、柔韧、平衡和灵敏素质加以研究分析,从各项指标的变化趋势了解怀化市60-69岁老年人2005年与2010年整体身体素质的动态变化．研究结果表明：怀化市2010年60—69岁老年人身体素质较2010年同龄老年人各项指标中,力量素质明显比2005年高;柔韧素质方面,2010年较2005年有所提升,但是没有显著变化,年龄越大柔韧素质越弱;60—69岁老年人的平衡素质随年龄增长而逐渐提高,同龄老年人2010年较高于2005整体水平;老年人的灵敏素质除64岁变化显著外,其他年龄无显著变化．     

也谈西汉初期诸侯王国的法律制度--与陈苏镇先生商榷

西汉初期,分封的异姓诸侯王及其后来分封的同姓诸侯王,在政治、经济、军事等方面确实拥有一定的特权,随着其实力的不断增强,逐渐形成对西汉中央政府的严重威胁。但要说诸侯王与皇帝共治天下,汉朝的法律只在汉朝直辖区适用,却令人难以信服。     

革命时代中国成长小说的叙事形态

在革命时代进入成熟发展期的中国成长小说,在叙事形态方面深受革命意识形态和中国传统文化的影响。具体表现为：叙述方式上,由自传到虚构,从第一人称到第三人称;情节模式上,以意识形态的红色阴影笼罩下被规训、被预设的成长为主;精神气质上,个人话语与史诗叙述的纠缠起伏。     

基础教育课程改革十年的回顾与反思

以全面实施素质教育为核心、构建新的基础教育课程体系为目标,新中国成立后的第八次基础教育课程改革走过了十年历程。站在新的历史起点上,我国的基础教育改革更加注重以人为本、提高质量、均衡发展、促进公平。回顾并追问十年基础教育课程改革的内在动力、取得的经验和存在的问题,对于推动我国基础教育新的科学发展,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

淮南市3~6岁幼儿各项身体形态分析

为全面了解淮南市幼儿的形态指标、身体素质现状,2010年淮南师范学院与淮南市体育局共同组织了对淮南市幼儿的调查与测试,把测得数据采用《国民体质测定标准手册》中幼儿部分的评定方法与标准进行统计处理。结果表明：淮南市3~6岁幼儿身体形态发育随着年龄的增加,他们的身高与体重值均增加,呈逐年升高趋向;男性幼儿和女性幼儿的身体形态从3岁就呈现出差异,这主要是由遗传决定的,这种差异在7岁以后,伴随着年龄的增长表现更为明显。     

车亥革命与民初江西新教育制度的确立

辛亥革命对江西产生了巨大影响,为民初江西教育奠定了坚实的基础。民国初年,江西地方政府通过采取落实教育部颁发的新教育宗旨,建立与完善教育行政机构;推行视学制度,加强政府对教育教学的监管;积极筹措经费,缓解教育资金不足等措施,新的教育制度逐步在江西确立。     

近年来关于袁世凯与中国近代化研究综述

袁世凯是中国近代一位颇有争议的人物。改革开放以来，国内史学界对他的评价渐趋活跃，争论的问题涉及方方面面。近些年来，涉及袁世凯与中国近代化领域的相关研究主要集中在袁世凯与中国政治，经济，军事，教育，外交等层面的近代化，总体看来，成就十分显著。