成长与突围——论“80后”文学的多重处境

＂：80后＂文学以作家出生年代命名,它处身的时代氛围凸显了其代际的差异。＂80后＂文学较以往的写作更明显地突出了青春的元素,承平的社会历史难以将＂救亡＂、＂革命＂等诉求渗透进文本而成为深厚的根基。图书的出版发行成为＂80后＂文学的关键性一环,出版集团通过伴随文本重构文学,并且以团队的力量生产文学,资本市场形成一种无形的压力笼罩着＂80后＂文学。印刷媒介的变迁和网络媒介的兴起构筑着＂80后＂文学新的机遇和危机。     

“80后”辅导员职业威信的树立

＂80后＂辅导员有其独特的思想行为特点,如何将这些特点转化为优势,对于＂80后＂辅导员有针对性地做好＂90后＂大学生的教育管理工作至关重要。辅导员应当准确把握自身的教师角色定位,完善知识结构,提升职业素养,在＂90后＂大学生面前树立威信。     

β-receptor blocker influences return of spontaneous circulation and chemical examination in rats during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objective

We investigated the influence of β-receptor blocker metoprolol on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats with induced myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operated group, the MI group without metoprolol, which was fed the vehicle, and the MI+metoprolol group receiving intragastric metoprolol. Each group was further divided randomly into three subgroups, depending on the dosage of epinephrine administered during subsequent CPR applied after the induction of asphyxial cardiac arrest.

Results

The ROSC rate was significantly decreased in the low dose subgroup of MI group, unchanged in the medium dose subgroup of MI group, and significantly decreased in the high dose subgroup of MI group, compared with the same dose subgroup of sham-operated group. MI+metoprolol group had a lower ROSC rate than MI group in the medium dose subgroup, and a higher ROSC rate than MI group in the high dose subgroup. There was no difference in blood K⁺ values of successful rats between MI group and MI+metoprolol group. The rats with successful CPR had lower blood K⁺ values than rats with unsuccessful CPR in each of the three treatment groups.

Conclusions

Metoprolol administered to MI rats over a long period significantly improved ROSC rates under an appropriate dose of epinephrine during CPR. An increasing high blood K⁺ value would attenuate the rate of a successful CPR.     

跑台运动通过p38信号上调FNDC5激活Akt改善Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍

目的:探讨8周跑台运动对db/dbT2DM小鼠认知功能的影响及其分子机制。方法:24只8周龄db/dbT2DM小鼠和8只同龄对照m/m小鼠,将db/db小鼠随机分为:模型组(db/db)、运动干预组(db+Exe)、运动联合p38抑制剂组(db+Exe+SB203580)。db+Exe组进行8周跑台训练,db+Exe+SB203580组进行8周跑台运动联合SB203580抑制剂灌胃处理(5mg/kg,3d/W,8W)。每周定时检测小鼠的体重和空腹血糖;干预结束后,取全脑及海马组织,免疫组织化学染色观察海马不同区域的神经元损伤状态;Western Blot检测海马组织中AD样病理、神经炎症、突触可塑性、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)/Ⅲ型纤连蛋白组件包含蛋白5(FNDC5)、Akt激酶等蛋白的表达。结果显示:(1)跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍。(2)减轻db/db小鼠的海马神经元损伤。(3)降低海马内AD样病理、神经炎症蛋白的表达,增加突触蛋白的表达水平。(4)通过p38信号上调PGC-1α/FNDC5的表达。(5)跑台运动可激活Akt激酶,而p38抑制剂可降低跑台运动对Akt激酶的激活作用。结论:8周跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能是通过p38上调PGC-1α/FNDC5,激活Akt激酶,减弱AD病理进程,降低炎性反应,增加突触可塑性,改善其空间学习记忆能力。     

基于DS80C320的协议转换器硬件设计

针对不同厂商的生产设备,由于通信协议不同导致设备之间不能通信的问题,设计了一种由单片机组成的协议转换系统的硬件部分．利用DS80C320单片机的串口通信功能构造了整体硬件框架,设计了协议转换电路,完成设备之间的数据通信,将上海南自协议转换为标准的Modbus协议,来提高系统的广泛性．     

Digital ITEMS Module 1: Reliability in Classical Test Theory

In this ITEMS module, we provide a two‐part introduction to the topic of reliability from the perspective of classical test theory (CTT). In the first part, which is directed primarily at beginning learners, we review and build on the content presented in the original didactic ITEMS article by Traub and Rowley (1991). Specifically, we discuss the notion of reliability as an intuitive everyday concept to lay the foundation for its formalization as a reliability coefficient via the basic CTT model. We then walk through the step‐by‐step computation of key reliability indices and discuss the data collection conditions under which each is most suitable. In the second part, which is directed primarily at intermediary learners, we present a distribution‐centered perspective on the same content. We discuss the associated assumptions of various CTT models ranging from parallel to congeneric, and review how these affect the choice of reliability statistics. Throughout the module, we use a customized Excel workbook with sample data and basic data manipulation functionalities to illustrate the computation of individual statistics and to allow for structured independent exploration. In addition, we provide quiz questions with diagnostic feedback as well as short videos that walk through sample exercises within the workbook.     

Evaluation of Dimensionality in the Assessment of Internal Consistency Reliability: Coefficient Alpha and Omega Coefficients

In the lead article, Davenport, Davison, Liou, & Love demonstrate the relationship among homogeneity, internal consistency, and coefficient alpha, and also distinguish among them. These distinctions are important because too often coefficient alpha—a reliability coefficient—is interpreted as an index of homogeneity or internal consistency. We argue that factor analysis should be conducted before calculating internal consistency estimates of reliability. If factor analysis indicates the assumptions underlying coefficient alpha are met, then it can be reported as a reliability coefficient. However, to the extent that items are multidimensional, alternative internal consistency reliability coefficients should be computed based on the parameter estimates of the factor model. Assuming a bifactor model evidenced good fit, and the measure was designed to assess a single construct, omega hierarchical—the proportion of variance of the total scores due to the general factor—should be presented. Omega—the proportion of variance of the total scores due to all factors—also should be reported in that it represents a more traditional view of reliability, although it is computed within a factor analytic framework. By presenting both these coefficients and potentially other omega coefficients, the reliability results are less likely to be misinterpreted.     

Infliximab treatment in two Chinese patients with psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a rheumatoid factor (RF)-seronegative systemic inflammatory disorder associated with psoriasis. Current treatment for PsA in China is still focused on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In this paper, we report two Chinese patients with active longstanding PsA treated with infliximab, a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The results show that infliximab acted quickly and effectively in relieving peripheral and axial symptoms and refractory skin lesions, even in recombinant human TNF-α receptor (rhTNFR)-resistant case. The take-home message from our cases is that infliximab is a useful therapeutic option for refractory PsA, especially when a patient has a combination of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Further local evidence and experience must be accumulated in order to make anti-TNF-α therapy more accessible to PsA patients in China.     

农村地区80后青年婆媳关系的现状及影响因素——以豫南某村为例

农村地区80后青年的婆媳关系比较稳定、冲突较少,实质上处于媳强婆弱的状态。这种状况实际上是婆媳双方理性选择的结果,社会变迁、家庭结构变化、夫妻关系的核心地位、代际间的经济权分离以及婆媳两代人的观念转变是其主要影响因素。