基于Cyt b基因的雀形目15种鸟类系统发生关系初探

以线粒体DNA的Cyt b基因全序列作为分子标记,对雀形目(Passeriformes)6科15种鸟类的分类地位及系统发生关系进行了分析.结果显示:全序列中含有变异位点454个,简约信息位点337个.采用邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法分别构建了系统发生树及其合一树,结果表明:黄鹂科(Oriolidae)首先分化出来,接着依次分化出卷尾科(Docruridae)、鸦科(Corvidae)、伯劳科(Laniidae)、河乌科(Cinclidae)和椋鸟科(Sturnidae)鸟类;这6科鸟类构成一个单系群,在这一单系群里椋鸟科是最晚分化出的类群.     

宁波帮研究八十年历史的回顾(之三)

80年来宁波帮研究经过4个阶段。20世纪20年代中期至1949年是第一阶段，宁波帮研究资料少，比较零星分散。中华人民共和国建立至1978年是第二个阶段，宁波帮研究有一个曲折发展过程，既出版了一些研究资料，也打上“左”的时代印记。党的十一届三中全会到20世纪末，是宁波帮研究第三个阶段。80年代初对宁波帮研究采取实事求是的态度；自1984年下半年起，在邓小平动员宁波帮建设宁波指示鼓舞下，各地学者以更大的热情投入研究，取得了丰硕成果。在新世纪，宁波帮研究进入第四个阶段，以纪念邓小平发出动员宁波帮建设宁波指示20周年为契机，开展深入研究，研究论文明显增多，研究领域进一步拓宽，研究性专著陆续出版。     

农村地区80后青年婆媳关系的现状及影响因素——以豫南某村为例

农村地区80后青年的婆媳关系比较稳定、冲突较少,实质上处于媳强婆弱的状态。这种状况实际上是婆媳双方理性选择的结果,社会变迁、家庭结构变化、夫妻关系的核心地位、代际间的经济权分离以及婆媳两代人的观念转变是其主要影响因素。     

“80后”教师专业精神现状分析及对策探究

教师专业精神是教师在信念上、追求上充分表现出来的风范与活力,具有服务性、专门性、长期性、创新性、自律性等多方面特征,对促进教师专业化发展具有独特的作用和意义。“80后”教师是教师队伍中的新生力量,在“80后”教师专业精神和行为现状遭到社会质疑时,如何加强“80后”青年教师专业精神建设,就成为一个全新而重要的课题。必须采取弘扬传统、恪守底线、榜样导向、因势利导、人文关怀等策略,方能强化“80后”教师的专业责任精神、专业道德精神、专业进取精神、专业创新精神,以及优化专业精神环境,从而加快“80后”教师专业化发展进程。     

Nutritional evaluation of caseins and whey proteins and their hydrolysates from Protamex

Whey protein concentrate （WPC 80） and sodium caseinate were hydrolyzed by Protamex to 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% degree of hydrolysis （DH）. WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were then analyzed, compared and evaluated for their nutritional qualities. Their chemical composition, protein solubility, amino acid composition, essential amino acid index （EAA index）, biological value （BV）, nutritional index （NI）, chemical score, enzymic protein efficiency ratio （E-PER） and in vitro protein digestibility （IVPD） were determined. The results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of WPC 80 and sodium caseinate by Protamex improved the solubility and IVPD of their hydrolysates. WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were high-quality proteins and had a surplus of essential amino acids compared with the FAO/WHO/UNU （1985） reference standard. The nutritive value of WPC 80 and its hydrolysates was superior to that of sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates as indicated by some nutritional parameters such as the amino acid composition, chemical score, EAA index and predicted BV. However, the E-PER was lower for the WPC hydrolysates as compared to unhydrolyzed WPC 80 but sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates did not differ significantly. The nutritional qualities of WPC 80, sodium caseinate and their hydrolysates were good and make them appropriate for food formulations or as nutritional supplements.     

The Prevalence Of β-Thalassemia Mutations in South Western Maharashtra

Thalassemia has been recognized by the World Health Organization as important inherited disorders principally impacting on the populations of low income countries. In this report, the prevalence of common β-thalassemia mutations in India was defined in 126 β-thalassemia carrier subjects in a western Indian population mainly from the south-western Maharashtra. The six most common β-thalassemia mutations were detected, which included IVS I-5 (G–C), IVS I-1 (G–T), codon 8–9 (+G), codon 41/42 (–TCTT), Codon 15 (G–A), and 619 bp deletion at 3′ end of β-globin gene. These mutations accounted for 93.66 % in 126 β-thalassemia carrier subjects and 6.34 % remained uncharacterized. Out of 126, 82 (65.07 %) showed the most common (prevalent) type of mutation, IVS I-5 (G–C), followed by IVS I-1 (G–T) showed by 12 (9.52 %) subjects. Three (2.38 %) subjects showed 619 bp deletion, codon 8/9 (+G) and codon 15 (G–A) mutations were present in eight subjects each (6.34 %). Only five (3.96 %) subjects showed codon 41/42 (–TCTT). There were eight (6.34 %) subjects where mutation was not any of the six mutations studied. This study provides the pattern of β thalassemia mutations from south-western Maharashtra, which will help to prevent β-thalassemia using prenatal diagnosis and proper counseling.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12291-012-0230-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

无线网络在大学图书馆网络建设中的应用设计--以四川大学图书馆为例

简介了无线网络的技术基础，井以四川大学图书馆为例，结合图书馆网络现状，阐述了基于IEEE802．11b标准建立符合大学图书馆服务要求的无线网络建设方案和应注意的关键问题。     

我国女子举重运动员大脑机能能力及神经类型的分布特点

采用80.8神经类型量表,对中国女子举重队优秀运动员的神经类型进行测试,分析了运动员的大脑机能能力及神经类型的分布特点     

由80/20到九法则所想到的

《长尾理论》和《世界是平的》两本图书所论述的现象带有普遍性。阅读习惯的无缝对接,再谈“概念图书馆”,数字统计谨防误区,文献结构比例由谁做主,是在《世界是平的》中所谈到的几个问题。世界是“平”的,旨在真正了解读者的阅读行为;从80/20到九法则,旨在说明利用一次也是利用,这种利用占据全部读者比重的绝大部分,值得重视。     

无线局域网在图书馆的应用

无线局域网是利用无线通信技术实现网络互联，与有线网络相比，无线局域网最主要的优势在于可以不受布线条件的限制，在有线网络所不能达的地方也能提供方便地网络接入。2002年4月清华大学图书馆采用符合 IEEE 802.11b标准的产品建立了无线局域网。本文介绍了清华大学图书馆无线局域网的建立及用户使用情况，并且讨论在图书馆建立无线网
络的特点和发展趋势。