Exploring Sexuality Education and the Burdened Teacher: A Participatory Approach in a Rural Primary School in Kenya

Twenty-five years since the onset of HIV/AIDS, young people aged 15–24 now make up half of new HIV infections. This paper advocates for comprehensive sexuality education as an effective panacea to reverse this, with teachers stepping up and embracing their role as sexuality educators. The exploration of this challenge is informed by a small-scale participatory study of teacher responses in a rural primary school in Nakuru district, Kenya. Dialogue was held with 18 teachers (11 females, seven males) on the challenges they faced in teaching sexuality education and teachers emerged as disorientated and embarrassed in conversations about sexuality issues with the pupils. Because sexuality education lacks a curriculum, teachers have found it challenging to integrate it into regular subjects; they also observed that parents seem resistant to addressing this at home, and thus this task falls to them.
In the study, a process of self-awareness of the need for them to step up and teach sexuality education emerges among the participants. A key finding is that participatory and dialectical interventions that can prepare teachers and develop their confidence in teaching sexuality education are required.     

The unfinished nature of rights-informed HIV- and AIDS-related education: an analysis of three school-based initiatives

Over the past 25 years, there has been growing investment in concepts of rights in the areas of HIV prevention, care and treatment, including HIV- and AIDS-related education delivered in schools. Despite this increasing commitment to the notion of rights, few efforts appear to have been made to understand the varying conceptions of rights that underpin different kinds of initiatives. Engaging with a multi-disciplinary body of literature on the issue of rights, and through a focus on three rights-informed HIV- and AIDS-related initiatives, this paper seeks to address this gap in the current literature. In so doing, it also examines a central tension within human rights discourse, namely between the construal of rights as shared and universally applicable to all human beings, while being created in and limited by the location in which they were elaborated, as well as by the language used to formulate them. More explicit engagement with the diversity of approaches made possible through a commitment to human rights may facilitate forms of HIV- and AIDS-related education that are more meaningful to young people.     

Recollections of sexual socialisation among marginalised heterosexual black men

This paper describes the sexual socialisation process of marginalised, drug-using heterosexual black men, focusing primarily on the sources and content of sexual information. Analysing qualitative interview data, we discovered that the men in our sample both learn about sex and become sexually active at an early age. They most often learn about sex from the media and least often learn about sex from family members. The content of sexual information varies in specifics, but overall tends to equate sex with pleasure, encourage sexual activity with multiple partners and emphasise using protection. Our goal is to use this data to better understand how sexual socialisation contributes to the prevalence of multiple sexual partners and high rates of HIV among heterosexual black men in order to inform future risk-reduction intervention programmes.     

“A Delicious Way to Help Save Lives”: Race,Commodification, and Celebrity in Product (RED)

Abstract

The Product (RED) campaign raises money to fight AIDS in Africa by helping to sell brand-name merchandise to affluent consumers. This paper examines the racialized representations of the (RED) website and the campaign's use of a consumer–celebrity fund-raising model. Through the analytical lens of critical cultural studies, I argue that (RED) commodifies Africans and “African-ness” under a celebratory guise, and reinscribes a narrative of Africa as a “problem child.” The campaign paradoxically trades on the very disparities of global capitalism that propel the AIDS crisis. It is central in (re)producing the human consequences of globalization, shoring up a symbolic and material marketplace marked by extreme poverty and extreme consumption.     

Global Health Interventions and the “Common Sense” of Neoliberalism: A Dialectical Analysis of PEPFAR

Abstract

Neoliberal ideologies, implicated in increasing global inequality, have significantly influenced how global health interventions are conceived and executed. In this article, we take a critical stance towards the market-based impetus of neoliberalism as articulated in the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest comprehensive effort against the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Using a variety of PEPFAR policy documents, our analysis points to the operation of a neoliberal “common sense” that provides a justification for intervention. Our analysis resulted in three themes: (a) the body as labor, (b) the gendering of the intervention, and (c) political economies of partnerships.     

透视文化碰撞中的传播健康研究

美国传播健康研究以健康与医疗问题为切入点 ,直接解释全球化时代多文化身份建构的意义和存在的问题 ,并创新性地提出了具有文化敏感性的传播健康研究模型。其关注普遍性的现实问题 ,坚持进行深入专题研究的指导思想 ,无疑会给国内传播学研究者以深刻的警醒和启发。     

从AIDS蔓延四种新动态谈大学生的预防措施

艾滋病全球化使其蔓延出现了4种新动态:一是由高危人群向一般人群扩散;二是低龄化(2006年全球新增HIV携带者中40%为15岁至24岁的年轻人);三是经性途径和注射吸毒途径传播的人数急速飙升(在我国2005年新发生的感染者中,分别占49.8%和48.6%);四是相当多的感染者尚未被发现。这些新动态向我们提出了一个既无法回避又迫在眉睫的新课题——大学生如何防范艾滋病的袭击,怎样在大学校园共筑预防艾滋病的铜墙铁壁。该文就这一课题提出了一些针对性、操作性、适用性较强的应对措施。     

艾滋病药品试验分析与预测

对治疗艾滋病的药品进行试验是医学界一直探讨的重要内容。本文结合2006 年全国数学建模竞赛本科组B 题的数据, 采用距离分配增量和曲线拟合的方法, 对300 多名艾滋病患者同时服用三种药物后的CD4和HIV 的周平均增量进行了分析, 预测了继续服药后的效果, 确定了最佳的停药时间。     

大学生艾滋病认知状况调查

目的：调查了解现阶段大学生对艾滋病的认知和行为意向以及态度,为进一步加强大学生艾滋病相关教育提供基础依据。方法：研究对象为1460名在校大学生,调查采用自填式调查表进行调查。结果：调查对象对艾滋病的知晓率为100％,对艾滋病有效传播途径的认识较清楚。结论：调查对象对艾滋病的严重性、传染性、易感性、传播途径、致病机理以及预防等知识的认知水平较高,以及对艾滋病的流行趋势有较清楚的认识。大多数大学生对于吸毒的危害有很好的认识;对艾滋病病人或感染者的态度,依然存在恐惧和歧视心理。     

艾滋病疗法的评价和疗效的预测

建立微分方程组模型和线性加权综合模型对艾滋病疗法的评价和疗效的预测问题进行讨论,得到最佳治疗终止时间与病人CIM初始浓度成反比关系,继续治疗效果与病人CIM初始浓度成正比关系．再以追求性价比最高为目标,建立线性优化模型,对考虑费用后的疗法进行重新预测和评价．