Effects of resistance training in HIV-infected patients: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

The relative effects of resistance training (RT) upon muscle fitness and immune function among HIV-infected patients are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effects of RT upon muscle strength, muscle mass and CD4 cells count and to identify potential moderators of those outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Meta-analyses use random or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of effect sizes, complemented with Hedge’s g correction factor. Thirteen trials were meta-analysed. Overall, RT increased muscle strength (35.5%, P < 0.01) and CD4 cell count (26.1%, P = 0.003) versus controls (P < 0.03), but not muscle mass (P = 0.051). Meta-regression followed by subgroup moderator analysis showed that gains in muscle strength followed a dose–response pattern with largest increase detected among trials with longer (24 weeks; 49.3%) than shorter intervention (<12 weeks; 39%), higher (Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database [PEDro] scale = 6; 38.3%) than lower (PEDro = 5; 28.1%) quality, and longer (12 months; 59.7%) than shorter time under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (<6 months; 37.1%), (P < 0.01). RT appears to be efficacious to improve muscular strength (~35.5%) and CD4 cell count (~26.1%), but not muscle mass of HIV-infected patients. Effects upon strength were greater in studies with higher quality and among trials with longer RT and HAART.     

美国中小学艾滋病教育管窥

文章首先介绍了美国开展艾滋病教育的几个原则．之后结合美国疾病探制及预防中心开展的艾滋病教育调查介绍了美国艾滋病教育的总体概况．最后以最具代表性的纽约市作为个案介绍了地方是如何开展艾滋病教育的。     

Evaluating the provision of flexible learning for children at risk of primary school dropout in Malawi

Communities in Malawi selected 15 children deemed “at-risk” – predominantly orphans – in Class 6 of each of 20 intervention schools to receive learning materials, support from the community and a school “buddy.” An experimental evaluation found that dropout was reduced by 45% across intervention schools compared to 20 control schools. The program had spillover effects, indirectly reducing dropout among older pupils in the class not deemed at-risk. These findings imply that age, and not orphanhood, was the main indicator of dropout risk and that when targeting criteria are considered carefully, flexible learning programs can reduce dropout substantially among vulnerable children.     

Competencies for rural development professionals in the era of HIV/AIDS

The impact of HIV/AIDS on food security and rural livelihoods is still insufficiently understood. It is evident, however, that rural development professionals need to respond to the changes that have taken place in rural areas due to the pandemic. This article explores competencies that they need in order to deal with the complex HIV/AIDS issues related to their work with farming families. Initially 45 rural development professionals from developing countries in the southern hemisphere were interviewed about these competencies, using case stories and questionnaires. Subsequently, 34 individual in‐depth interviews were conducted with rural development professionals from East Africa and Zambian government officials. A focus group discussion with 15 Zambian agricultural extension workers completed the empirical part of the research. The study reveals that there is an urgent need to complement the technical competencies of rural development professionals with more social competencies, such as counselling and communication, lobbying and networking. Recommendations are formulated for competence development of rural development professionals who have to deal with the consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in rural areas.     

社会性别视角下的流动人口对艾滋病的认知与防范——基于中老跨境流动人口的调研分析

本文以社会性别视角为分析背景,借助在云南省磨憨口岸、猴桥口岸实地调查访谈资料,分析了流动人口尤其是跨境流动人口对艾滋病的认知与防范,并提出相应的对策与建议。     

AIDS与HIV的研究进展

AIDS系由HIV感染人体所致。由于HIV的特殊性:易突变,双链RNA病毒,直接攻击人体的免疫系统(侵染T_H细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞),特定的传播途径等,人类在研制相关疫苗时面临极大挑战,迄今还无法治愈AIDS。     

美国公立学校艾滋病教育及其启示

美国公立中小学校非常重视艾滋病教育：从小学阶段抓起,科学安排艾滋病教育课程,科学运用“防艾ABC”三原则,加强教师培训,及时更新教材,鼓励学生们做艾滋病病毒测试,撇开偏见,消除恐惧,重视心理辅导,避免学生受到心理冲击等。美国的做法对我国的艾滋病教育是可资借鉴的。     

宜春市2008～2010年艾滋病检测结果分析

目的：通过分析宜春市近3年来实验室艾滋病检测结果,了解掌握艾滋病流行趋势与特征,为今后艾滋病防治工作提供科学依据。方法：对2008-2010年宜春市不同人群361771份血清标本HIV抗体检测进行统计分析。结果：361771份血清标本中检出HIV抗体阳性150例,阳性率为0．04％。结论：宜春市艾滋病仍处于低流行水平,经性传播是主要传播途径,农民和20-40岁外出务工人员占阳性率的50％以上。     

复方新诺明在艾滋病合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎中的应用

艾滋病作为一种传染性疾病,正以惊人的速度在全球蔓延。这种疾病不仅是当今世界上最大的公共卫生问题之一,也是一个社会、经济问题。艾滋病具有传播迅速、发病缓慢、病死率高的特点,机会性感染是艾滋病最主要的死亡原因,复方新诺明治疗和预防艾滋病合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎具有良好效果。