The socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on education outcomes in Uganda: School enrolment and the schooling gap in 2002/2003

Due to high prime-age mortality—a result of the HIV/AIDS scourge, the number of orphans in Uganda continues to rise. Using the 2002/2003 Uganda National Household Survey, this paper investigates how HIV/AIDS orphan status affects schooling enrolment and grade progression. Our results show that HIV/AIDS orphans are not significantly less likely to continue schooling but are by far more likely to fall below their appropriate grade. Furthermore, we find that the schooling gaps decreases at higher levels of household welfare status—poor HIV/AIDS orphans, especially aged 13–17 years, are significantly less likely to continue schooling.     

丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预治疗艾滋病抑郁症60例临床观察

目的:探讨和研究丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预治疗艾滋病抑郁症患者的临床效果。方法:采用口服丹栀逍遥散治疗30例,并予应用HARRT药物和常规对症治疗的30例进行对照观察,两组疗程均为8周。结果:两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两组治疗后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD量表)评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗后的治疗组评分低于对照组(P>0.05)。结论:治疗艾滋病抑郁症应用丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预有良好的疗效。     

Sport studies

The sport-for-development movement has grown exponentially in the last decade generating increasing academic attention. However, existing research has rarely sought the views of young people despite them being both the main target audience of initiatives and frequently the deliverers. This paper seeks to address young people's absence within research and advocate the importance of engaging them in sport-for-development debates to enhance understanding of current delivery and to improve policy and practice in the future. The paper examines Zambian young people's views of HIV/AIDS peer-led education delivered through sport considering particularly whether young people believe such interventions can encourage empowerment and subsequent behaviour change. The paper outlines the importance of improving understanding of how young people can begin to translate knowledge into agency. The paper concludes with the suggestion that change is more likely if peer-led education through sport programmes are combined with multi-layered interventions directed at all levels of communities.     

Meeting the challenge of HIV and AIDS in the classroom

Contemporary early childhood teachers are facing new challenges as children who test HIV positive or who have AIDS enter the classroom. Providing appropriate health care and educational programs for these children is a major concern of teachers. This article presents a brief discussion of guidelines and issues that might be addressed in an in-service for teachers in general education to prepare them for a student with HIV or AIDS in their classrooms.     

提倡"同伴教育",减低毒品危害

目的:了解云南戒毒所内吸毒人员开展减低毒品危害,预防艾滋病教育的相关信息,为在该人群中开展艾滋病预防"同伴教育"提供基础资料。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,对2007年1月—2007年3月在云南四个地州市的强制戒毒所的324名戒毒人员进行问卷调查。结果:本次调查的戒毒人员中男性比例高于女性;以20-岁的青壮年未婚初中文化者居多;30-岁注射吸毒比例较高,参与预防艾滋病同伴教育培训率低。结论:加大艾滋病预防"同伴教育"的覆盖范围,开发适合该人群的培训教材,培养大量的同伴教育工作者,落实减低危害预防艾滋病措施势在必行。     

医药大学生艾滋病知识、态度和行为相关因素分析

目的了解医药大学生艾滋病知识水平及其对态度和行为的影响.方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取广州某高校公共卫生学院和药科学院三年级本科生共840人,采用匿名独立答卷方式进行调查.用Excel进行数据录入,SPSS10.0进行数据分析.将知识按得分高低分成两组,进行非条件Logistic回归分析.结果知识部分16题,平均得分是11.63±2.51(0-16),其中传播途径得分是4.55±1.77(0-5)、非传播途径得分是3.58±1.28(0-5),两者差异有统计学意义(t=-24.21,p=0.000).等级相关分析显示居住地在城市、有专业知识、父/母亲文化程度高的学生对艾滋病知识掌握较好.另外,艾滋病知识高低还与艾滋病人与感染者和一般人享有平等权利、择业时到艾滋病或感染者的科室工作、象对待正常人那样对待艾滋病服务对象和性生活正确使用避孕套等态度相关.多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果与等级相关一致.另外,对离自己较远的社会大环境态度较好,支持率达93.5%;对与自己切身利益密切相关的小环境态度一般,支持率仅73.3%.两者差异有统计学意义(x2=570.66,p=0.000).结论大多数同学对艾滋病的基本知识掌握较好,但对传播途径仍存在一定的认识误区,提示应该加强有关艾滋病的非传播途径等容易模糊概念上的健康教育.知识可能影响艾滋病人/感染者和一般人享有平等权利、择业时到艾滋病/感染者的科室工作、象对待正常人那样对待艾滋病服务对象和性生活正确使用避孕套等态度和行为.但是,对离自己较远的社会大环境态度较好;对与自己密切相关的小环境态度一般,提示从知识提高到态度和行为的改变,特别是涉及个人利益的行为改变,还有一个过程.     

Supporting Lesotho teachers to develop resilience in the face of the HIV and AIDS pandemic

HIV and AIDS threaten to erode the wellbeing of teachers who are faced with an increasing number of children rendered vulnerable by the pandemic. This article explores the usefulness of a supportive group intervention, Resilient Educators (REds), in supporting Lesotho teachers to respond to the HIV and AIDS-related challenges. A time-series pre- and post-intervention design was used to evaluate the programme. The findings indicate that the intervention led to an increase in the sense of agency of participating teachers both on a personal and community level. The findings have international significance for teachers working in similar contexts characterised by extreme adversity.     

祥云县2004年至2011年HIV／AIDS流行特征分析

目的：掌握祥云县HIV／AIDS流行趋势,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法：利用描述流行病学方法分析祥云县2004年至2011年报告的祥云籍HIV／AIDS疫情资料。结果：2004年至2011年祥云县共报告祥云籍HIV／AIDS389例,年平均报告率10．6。1／10万,死亡58例;其发病率的分布特征为：2004年至2007年呈快速增长趋势,2008年至2010年趋于平缓;县城高于坝区,坝区高于山区;男性（14．62／10万,年均）大于女性（6．89／10万,年均）,两者差异有统计学意义（X％36．82,P〈0．05）,在男性和女性中的比例为2．27：1;以20~40~为主,占79．69％;以农民（293例）为主,占82-4％;以初中以下学历为主,占97．13％;以非婚性接触和静脉吸毒为主,分别占病例总数的45．76％、38．56％。结论：祥云县艾滋病疫情经过实施全球基金艾滋病控制项目后,疫情已得到初步遏制。由于HIV／AIDS疫情的复杂性,感染途径的多样性,必须加强对艾滋病防治知识宣传,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识;重点应对农民、待业青年开展宣传和教育,加强对流动人口的管理;进一步完善咨询检测网络,提高艾滋病的发现,以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。     

Gender and sexuality in young children's perspectives of AIDS

Abstract

Responses to AIDS have often neglected children. Drawing on a qualitative study of young children aged 7–9 years, this paper draws attention to their understandings of HIV and AIDS. It is argued that young children are able to give meaning to the disease in ways that link to their social contexts, where gender inequalities and sexual violence are common. Sexuality is a key dimension through which they express knowledge of the disease. Young children do know the links between sex and AIDS, and connect vulnerability to the disease in gendered ways. To address the missing voices of young children requires coordinated efforts, requiring systemic responses which support teachers in initiatives to address taboo subjects like sexuality, as well as the pervasive poverty in which the children in our study are located.     

Collaborative partnerships to increase resilience among AIDS orphans: Some unforeseen challenges and caveats

Abstract

Previous research has attested to the power of metaphor-rich stories to enable resilience during individual therapy, but this has not been researched in a group context. We aimed to ascertain if the reading of brief stories in a group setting, with no other therapeutic intervention, would prove to be a valuable, inexpensive and accessible protective resource for the empowerment of AIDS orphans. We followed a quasi-experimental design, incorporating pre and post-test double control groups and a mixed methods approach to data collection. However, some very interesting methodological, ethical and practical challenges surfaced during implementation concerning: the meeting of community expectations; the identification of appropriate participant groups; the administration and suitability of research instruments; ensuring continued attendance of participants; and dealing with the emotional needs of participants without endangering the validity of the results. This article reports on these challenges and makes suggestions around issues that need to be resolved if future research partnerships with community members who care for AIDS orphans are to yield useful and valid research results.